Prevalence and Association of Thyroid Dysfunction With Diabetes Mellitus in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Retrospective Study.

BACKGROUND

Thyroid dysfunction and diabetes mellitus are endocrine disorders that are closely associated with insulin resistance. Thyroid dysfunction has been found to be more common in patients with diabetes compared to those without. In India, thyroid dysfunction is common among patients with diabetes, with a high prevalence found in Tamil Nadu, where subclinical hypothyroidism also contributes significantly.

AIM

This study aims to determine the prevalence and association of thyroid dysfunction among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

METHODOLOGY

A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted from August 2023 to August 2024. A total of 91 patients with diabetes were screened for thyroid dysfunction. Data on demographics, comorbidities, duration of diabetes, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and thyroid function (triiodothyronine, thyroxine, and thyroid-stimulating hormone) were collected. Statistical analysis was performed to identify the association among thyroid dysfunction, glycemic control, and diabetes mellitus duration.

RESULTS

Thyroid dysfunction was identified in 21 (23.1%) of the study population, with 19 (20.9%) patients experiencing hypothyroidism and two (2.2%) patients experiencing hyperthyroidism. The prevalence was found to be high in women. Subjects with diabetes for more than five years had a high prevalence of thyroid dysfunction. HbA1c did not show any significant correlation (p = 0.327).

CONCLUSION

This study shows the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction, especially hypothyroidism, among patients with diabetes. It also highlights the importance of screening for thyroid function in patients who have had diabetes for more than five years. Early identification and management of thyroid dysfunction may improve glycemic control and reduce the risk of long-term complications.