Arnold Callum R K, Bharti Nita, Exten Cara, Small Meg, Srinivasan Sreenidhi, Kuchipudi Suresh V, Kapur Vivek, Ferrari Matthew J
Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
Sci Rep. 2025 Apr 2;15(1):11199. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-95164-x.
Non-pharmaceutical public health measures (PHMs) were central to pre-vaccination efforts to reduce Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) exposure risk; heterogeneity in adherence placed bounds on their potential effectiveness, and correlation in their adoption makes assessing the impact attributable to an individual PHM difficult. During the Fall 2020 semester, we used a longitudinal cohort design in a university student population to conduct a behavioral survey of intention to adhere to PHMs, paired with an IgG serosurvey to quantify SARS-CoV-2 exposure at the end of the semester. Using latent class analysis on behavioral survey responses, we identified three distinct groups among the 673 students with IgG samples: 256 (38.04%) students were in the most adherent group, intending to follow all guidelines, 306 (46.21%) in the moderately-adherent group, and 111 (15.75%) in the least-adherent group, rarely intending to follow any measure, with adherence negatively correlated with seropositivity of 25.4%, 32.2% and 37.7%, respectively. Moving all individuals in an SIR model into the most adherent group resulted in a 77-96% reduction in seroprevalence, dependent on assumed assortativity. The potential impact of increasing PHM adherence was limited by the substantial exposure risk in the large proportion of students already following all PHMs.
非药物公共卫生措施(PHMs)是疫苗接种前降低严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2(SARS-CoV-2)暴露风险努力的核心;依从性的异质性限制了其潜在效果,并且这些措施采用情况的相关性使得评估单个PHM的影响变得困难。在2020年秋季学期,我们在大学生群体中采用纵向队列设计,对遵守PHMs的意愿进行了行为调查,并结合IgG血清学调查来量化学期末的SARS-CoV-2暴露情况。通过对行为调查回复进行潜在类别分析,我们在673名有IgG样本的学生中确定了三个不同的群体:256名(38.04%)学生属于最依从组,打算遵循所有指导方针;306名(46.21%)属于中等依从组;111名(15.75%)属于最不依从组,几乎不打算遵循任何措施,其依从性分别与血清阳性率呈负相关,为25.4%、32.2%和37.7%。将SIR模型中的所有个体转移到最依从组会使血清阳性率降低77%-96%,这取决于假定的混合性。由于已经遵循所有PHMs的大部分学生中存在大量暴露风险,提高PHM依从性的潜在影响受到了限制。