Remera Eric, Chammartin Frédérique, Nsanzimana Sabin, Malamba Samuel S, Rwibasira Gallican N, Riedel David J, Forrest Jamie I, Mutesa Leon, Ford Nathan, Ahmed Ayman, Condo Jeanine U, Karera Steven, Mills Edward J, Bucher Heiner C
Research Innovations and Data Science Division, Rwanda Biomedical Centre, Kigali, Rwanda.
Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2025 Apr 2;99(4):388-94. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000003669.
Rwanda has initiated recency testing alongside existing HIV testing services (HTS) of provider-initiated testing, partner notification services and of prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission. We aimed to determine characteristics of the newly diagnosed population using a nationwide cohort.
We included all newly diagnosed HIV patients aged 15 and above who consented to recency testing and assessed patient and health center related predictors of recent HIV infection using multivariable logistic regression models.
We obtained data from 485 of 565 health facilities in Rwanda that introduced partner notification services and recency testing alongside pre-existing testing services. From October 2018 to February 2024, 8,940 individuals consented to HIV recency testing. Among them, 537 (6.0%) were recently infected. The odds of detecting a recent HIV infection increased by 1% for each month of experience in partner notification services. Patient-related factors associated with recent infections included female sex, younger age (15-24 years), residing in southern or northern provinces compared to the western province, and self-reported sex with a known HIV-infected person or unprotected sex outside of a relationship in the last 12 months.
Only 6% of newly diagnosed HIV infections were characterized as recent. Public health interventions targeting younger females may assist in reducing new infections in this group.
卢旺达在现有的由医疗服务提供者发起检测的艾滋病毒检测服务、性伴通知服务以及预防母婴艾滋病毒传播之外，启动了近期感染检测。我们旨在通过一个全国性队列来确定新诊断人群的特征。
我们纳入了所有年龄在15岁及以上且同意进行近期感染检测的新诊断艾滋病毒患者，并使用多变量逻辑回归模型评估患者及健康中心相关的近期艾滋病毒感染预测因素。
我们从卢旺达565家引入性伴通知服务及近期感染检测并将其与现有检测服务相结合的医疗机构中的485家获取了数据。从2018年10月到2024年2月，8940人同意进行艾滋病毒近期感染检测。其中，537人（6.0%）为近期感染。性伴通知服务开展的时间每增加一个月，检测到近期艾滋病毒感染的几率就增加1%。与近期感染相关的患者因素包括女性、较年轻年龄（15 - 24岁）、与西部省份相比居住在南部或北部省份，以及在过去12个月内自我报告与已知艾滋病毒感染者发生性行为或在非固定关系中发生无保护性行为。
新诊断的艾滋病毒感染中只有6%被判定为近期感染。针对年轻女性的公共卫生干预措施可能有助于减少该群体中的新感染病例。
