Thammineni Krishna Latha, Thakur Gaurav K, Banerjee Basu Dev, Kaur Navneet
Department of Biochemistry, ESIC Medical College, Kalaburagi, Karnataka, 585105, India.
Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India.
Chemosphere. 2025 May;377:144339. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144339. Epub 2025 Apr 1.
Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were extensively used in India in agriculture as insecticides and in public health programs to control vector borne diseases like Malaria, and typhus. This rampant use led OCPs to persist in the environment due to their resistance to natural degradation and biotransformation, consequently, enter the human body through the food chain and bio-accumulate in adipose tissue as they are lipophillic. Exposure to OCPs have been linked to various diseases due to their endocrine disrupting properties, and lipophillic nature. The purpose of the study is to estimate the OCPs level in the breast cancer patients, and to compare the OCP levels within breast cancer patients based on their clinical features. A case control study was conducted on 100 breast cancer cases and 100 controls of benign breast disease patients. Quantification of OCPs was done by Gas Chromatography system equipped with 63 Ni Electron Capture Detector. Significantly higher levels of γHCH, Endosulfan-II, p'p'DDT, p'p' DDD and o'p'DDT were found in cases with respect to controls (p < 0.05). The odds ratios (ORs) show a significant association of Endosulfan-II (1.3) and p'p'DDT (2.7) levels with risk of breast cancer. Further, significantly higher levels of γHCH, p'p'DDT and Endosulfan-II were found in lymph node metastasis cases and γHCH and pp'DDD in advanced tumor stage cases as compared to the cases without lymph node involvement, and early tumor stage respectively. The findings of the present study support the contribution of OCPs in the pathophysiology of breast cancer. Further, OCPs like p'p'DDT, Endosulfan-II, and γHCH may promote the progression of breast cancer by influencing the metastatic ability through lymphatic pathway.
有机氯农药（OCPs）在印度曾被广泛用作农业杀虫剂，并应用于公共卫生项目中以控制疟疾和斑疹伤寒等病媒传播疾病。这种大量使用使得OCPs因其对自然降解和生物转化的抗性而在环境中持续存在，进而通过食物链进入人体，并因其亲脂性而在脂肪组织中生物累积。由于OCPs具有内分泌干扰特性和亲脂性，接触OCPs与多种疾病有关。本研究的目的是估计乳腺癌患者体内OCPs的水平，并根据其临床特征比较乳腺癌患者体内的OCPs水平。对100例乳腺癌病例和100例良性乳腺疾病患者进行了病例对照研究。采用配备63Ni电子捕获检测器的气相色谱系统对OCPs进行定量分析。结果发现，与对照组相比，病例组中γ-六氯环己烷、硫丹-II、p,p'-滴滴涕、p,p'-滴滴滴和o,p'-滴滴涕的水平显著更高（p<0.05）。优势比（ORs）显示硫丹-II（1.3）和p,p'-滴滴涕（2.7）水平与乳腺癌风险存在显著关联。此外，与无淋巴结转移的病例和早期肿瘤阶段的病例相比，淋巴结转移病例中γ-六氯环己烷、p,p'-滴滴涕和硫丹-II的水平显著更高，晚期肿瘤阶段病例中γ-六氯环己烷和p,p'-滴滴滴的水平显著更高。本研究结果支持了OCPs在乳腺癌病理生理学中的作用。此外，p,p'-滴滴涕、硫丹-II和γ-六氯环己烷等OCPs可能通过影响淋巴途径的转移能力来促进乳腺癌的进展。
