Diomino Anthony, Yuan Qingyue, Cadenhead Kristin S, Addington Jean, Bearden Carrie E, Cannon Tyrone D, Keshavan Matcheri, Mathalon Daniel H, Perkins Diana O, Stone William S, Walker Elaine F, Woods Scott W, Ku Benson S
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.
Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.
Schizophr Res. 2025 May;279:71-78. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2025.03.023. Epub 2025 Apr 1.
Neighborhood social fragmentation during childhood has been linked to the future onset of psychosis and poorer social functioning. Maladaptive core schemas may partly explain this relationship. This study examines whether childhood exposure to area-level social fragmentation is associated with maladaptive core schemas in adulthood and whether perceived discrimination mediates this relationship.
Baseline data were collected from the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study 2 (2009-2013). Participants included adults at clinical high-risk for psychosis (N = 84) and healthy comparisons (N = 130). Childhood social fragmentation was derived from 1990 and 2000 U.S. Census data. Lifetime perceived discrimination and brief core schemas were assessed at baseline.
Greater childhood social fragmentation was statistically significantly associated with greater lifetime perceived discrimination (adjusted β = 0.21, 95 % CI: 0.03 to 0.39), which was in turn associated with maladaptive positive-other (adjusted β = -0.21, 95 % CI: -0.35 to -0.07) and negative-self core schemas in adulthood (adjusted β = 0.36, 95 % CI: 0.23 to 0.49). Lifetime perceived discrimination mediated 20.66 % of the relationship between childhood social fragmentation and positive-other schemas, and 35.96 % of the relationship with negative-self schemas.
In this cross-sectional study, our findings suggest that growing up in areas with greater social fragmentation may contribute to greater lifetime perceived discrimination, which may be linked to greater maladaptive core schemas in adulthood. Further prospective research is needed to explore how social fragmentation across development may impact core schema formation, with potential implications for designing interventions to mitigate maladaptive core schemas and psychopathology.
童年时期邻里社会碎片化与未来精神病发作及较差的社会功能有关。适应不良的核心图式可能部分解释了这种关系。本研究探讨童年时期暴露于社区层面的社会碎片化是否与成年期适应不良的核心图式相关，以及感知到的歧视是否介导了这种关系。
从北美前驱期纵向研究2（2009 - 2013年）收集基线数据。参与者包括临床高危精神病成年人（N = 84）和健康对照者（N = 130）。童年社会碎片化源自1990年和2000年美国人口普查数据。在基线时评估终生感知到的歧视和简短核心图式。
童年社会碎片化程度越高，与终生感知到的歧视程度越高在统计学上显著相关（调整后β = 0.21，95%置信区间：0.03至0.39），而这又与成年期适应不良的积极他人（调整后β = -0.21，95%置信区间：-0.35至-0.07）和消极自我核心图式相关（调整后β = 0.36，95%置信区间：0.23至0.49）。终生感知到的歧视介导了童年社会碎片化与积极他人图式之间20.66%的关系，以及与消极自我图式之间35.96%的关系。
在这项横断面研究中，我们的发现表明，在社会碎片化程度较高的地区长大可能导致终生感知到的歧视增加，这可能与成年期更严重的适应不良核心图式有关。需要进一步的前瞻性研究来探索整个发育过程中的社会碎片化如何影响核心图式的形成，这可能对设计减轻适应不良核心图式和精神病理学的干预措施具有潜在意义。
