Jańczak Monika Olga, Soroko Emilia
Faculty of Psychology and Cognitive Science, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland.
Sci Rep. 2025 Apr 2;15(1):11303. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-96067-7.
A growing body of research suggests that personality pathology underpins various mental disorders and serves as a risk factor for developing emotional disorders such as depression and anxiety. This study examined how levels of personality functioning and pathological traits predict the severity of these symptoms in a community sample of middle and older adults (N = 530). The Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire, Patient Health Questionnaire, Self and Interpersonal Functioning Scale, and Personality Inventory for ICD-11 were used. Regression analyses revealed that impaired identity and empathy significantly predicted anxiety symptoms, while only identity emerged as a predictor of depression. Self-direction and intimacy did not significantly predict either disorder. Negative Affectivity and Detachment were key predictors of anxiety, while depression was primarily related to Negative Affectivity. Variance partitioning analysis demonstrated that personality functioning and maladaptive traits independently and jointly contribute to symptom severity, with overlapping variance highlighting their interconnected roles in emotional pathology. These findings underscore the importance of assessing both personality functioning and traits when addressing emotional disorders, particularly during middle and late adulthood, a stage characterized by unique psychological and social challenges. Integrating personality assessments into routine mental health care can enhance diagnostic accuracy, improve treatment planning, and optimize outcomes for individuals with depression and anxiety.
越来越多的研究表明，人格病理学是各种精神障碍的基础，并作为发展诸如抑郁症和焦虑症等情绪障碍的风险因素。本研究调查了在一个中老年成年人社区样本（N = 530）中，人格功能水平和病理特征如何预测这些症状的严重程度。使用了广泛性焦虑障碍问卷、患者健康问卷、自我与人际功能量表以及国际疾病分类第11版人格量表。回归分析显示，身份认同受损和同理心显著预测焦虑症状，而只有身份认同成为抑郁症的预测因素。自我导向和亲密关系对这两种障碍均无显著预测作用。消极情感性和疏离是焦虑的关键预测因素，而抑郁症主要与消极情感性有关。方差分割分析表明，人格功能和适应不良特征独立且共同促成症状严重程度，重叠方差突出了它们在情绪病理学中的相互关联作用。这些发现强调了在处理情绪障碍时评估人格功能和特征的重要性，特别是在中老年期，这一阶段具有独特的心理和社会挑战。将人格评估纳入常规心理健康护理可以提高诊断准确性，改善治疗计划，并优化抑郁症和焦虑症患者的治疗效果。
