Ihara Dai, Rasli Nur Rasyiqin, Katsuyama Yu
Division of Neuroanatomy, Department of Anatomy, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan.
Front Neurosci. 2025 Mar 19;19:1552790. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2025.1552790. eCollection 2025.
Genome DNA of neurons in the brain is unstable, and mutations caused by inaccurate repair can lead to neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. Damage to the neuronal genome is induced both exogenously and endogenously. Rapid cell proliferation of neural stem cells during embryonic brain development can lead to errors in genome duplication. Electrical excitations and drastic changes in gene expression in functional neurons cause risks of damaging genomic DNA. The precise repair of DNA damages caused by events making genomic DNA unstable maintains neuronal functions. The maintenance of the DNA sequence and structure of the genome is known as genomic integrity. Molecular mechanisms that maintain genomic integrity are critical for healthy neuronal function. In this review, we describe recent progress in understanding the genome integrity in functional neurons referring to their disruptions reported in neurological diseases.
大脑中神经元的基因组DNA不稳定，由不准确修复导致的突变会引发神经发育和神经退行性疾病。神经元基因组的损伤可由外源性和内源性因素诱导。胚胎脑发育过程中神经干细胞的快速细胞增殖会导致基因组复制错误。功能性神经元中的电兴奋和基因表达的剧烈变化会造成基因组DNA损伤的风险。由使基因组DNA不稳定的事件所导致的DNA损伤的精确修复维持着神经元的功能。基因组DNA序列和结构的维持被称为基因组完整性。维持基因组完整性的分子机制对健康的神经元功能至关重要。在这篇综述中，我们参考神经疾病中报道的基因组完整性破坏情况，描述了在理解功能性神经元基因组完整性方面的最新进展。
