Sacks Jason D, Migliaccio Christopher T, Reid Colleen E, Montrose Luke
Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709, United States.
Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, United States.
ACS EST Air. 2025 Feb 14;2(2):122-129. doi: 10.1021/acsestair.4c00236.
With the increase in acres burned from wildfire over the last few decades, wildfire smoke is an increasing global public health threat. To date, wildfire smoke research, risk communication, and public health action has focused on short-term (or daily) smoke exposures. However, the patterns of wildfire smoke exposure are transitioning to include longer duration and repeated exposures occurring within and across years. Epidemiologic and experimental studies represent important lines of evidence that have informed risk communication and public health actions for short-term smoke exposures; however, they have yet to provide the science needed to refine public health approaches to include other dynamic exposure durations such as repeated, episodic, or cumulative. This commentary provides an overview of methodological approaches used and recent findings from epidemiologic and experimental studies that examined longer duration, repeated smoke exposures. Based on the current science, we recommend that future epidemiologic and experimental studies of wildfire smoke examine multiple exposure metrics to capture the duration, frequency, and intensity of exposures. Such studies would improve the science produced to best support the needs of the public as we strive to further protect public health in a world projected to have more smoke.
在过去几十年里，随着野火烧毁面积的增加，野火烟雾对全球公共卫生构成的威胁日益增大。迄今为止，野火烟雾研究、风险沟通及公共卫生行动均聚焦于短期（或每日）烟雾暴露。然而，野火烟雾暴露模式正逐渐转变，开始包括更长时间以及多年内和跨年发生的反复暴露。流行病学和实验研究是重要的证据来源，为短期烟雾暴露的风险沟通和公共卫生行动提供了依据；然而，它们尚未提供所需的科学依据，以完善公共卫生方法，使其涵盖其他动态暴露时长，如反复、偶发或累积暴露。本评论概述了用于研究更长时间、反复烟雾暴露的流行病学和实验研究的方法及最新发现。基于当前科学，我们建议未来关于野火烟雾的流行病学和实验研究考察多种暴露指标，以捕捉暴露的时长、频率和强度。此类研究将改进所产生的科学成果，从而在我们努力进一步保护公众健康、应对预计烟雾更多的世界时，更好地满足公众需求。
