Sarwar Ayesha, Aslam Bilal, Mahmood Sara, Muzammil Saima, Siddique Abu Baker, Sarwar Fatima, Khurshid Mohsin, Rasool Muhammad Hidayat, Sasanya James, Aljasir Sulaiman F
Institute of Microbiology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Vet World. 2025 Feb;18(2):446-454. doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2025.446-454. Epub 2025 Feb 19.
The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) in food-producing animals and their associated environments is a growing public health concern. The indiscriminate use of antimicrobials in animal husbandry exacerbates resistance development, posing significant threats to food safety and sustainability. This study investigates the distribution, antibiotic resistance patterns, and virulence-associated genes (VAGs) of isolated from poultry, livestock, fish, and their environments in Pakistan under a One Health perspective.
A total of 225 samples were collected from poultry (n = 100), livestock (n = 75), and aquatic sources (n = 50) from March 2023 to September 2024. Standard microbiological methods were employed for the isolation and identification of . Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based detection of antibiotic resistance genes and VAGs was performed using specific primers. Antibiotic susceptibility was assessed through the disk diffusion method following Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute 2022 guidelines. Statistical analyses, including analysis of variance and correlation models, were applied to assess the relationships between variables.
was detected in 28.44% (64/225) of the total samples, with the highest occurrence observed in poultry (38%), followed by livestock (22.67%) and aquatic sources (18%). Resistance to ampicillin (100%), chloramphenicol (82%), cefepime (75%), and ciprofloxacin (75%) was widespread. PCR analysis revealed a high occurrence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing carrying (49%), (54%), and (25.67%) genes. In addition, VAGs such as (39.53%), (34.88%), and (32.55%) were frequently identified. The presence of MDR in fish and related environments (18%) is alarming, highlighting potential zoonotic and foodborne transmission risks.
The study underscores the widespread distribution of MDR in animal-based food sources, raising significant concerns regarding food safety and antimicrobial resistance. The findings reinforce the need for stringent monitoring and regulatory policies to mitigate MDR bacterial dissemination across the food supply chain. Future research should employ metagenomic approaches for comprehensive surveillance and risk assessment.
食品生产动物及其相关环境中多重耐药菌（MDR）的出现日益引起公众对健康的关注。畜牧业中抗菌药物的滥用加剧了耐药性的发展，对食品安全和可持续性构成重大威胁。本研究从“同一健康”视角调查了巴基斯坦家禽、家畜、鱼类及其环境中分离出的[细菌名称未给出]的分布、抗生素耐药模式和毒力相关基因（VAGs）。
2023年3月至2024年9月，共采集了225份样本，其中家禽样本100份、家畜样本75份、水产样本50份。采用标准微生物学方法进行[细菌名称未给出]的分离和鉴定。使用特异性引物通过聚合酶链反应（PCR）检测抗生素耐药基因和VAGs。按照临床和实验室标准协会2022年指南，采用纸片扩散法评估抗生素敏感性。应用方差分析和相关模型等统计分析方法评估变量之间的关系。
在28.44%（64/225）的样本中检测到[细菌名称未给出]，在家禽中检出率最高（38%），其次是家畜（22.67%）和水产（18%）。对氨苄西林（100%）、氯霉素（82%）、头孢吡肟（75%）和环丙沙星（75%）的耐药情况普遍存在。PCR分析显示，携带[具体基因名称未给出]（49%）、[具体基因名称未给出]（54%）和[具体基因名称未给出]（25.67%）基因的产超广谱β-内酰胺酶[细菌名称未给出]发生率较高。此外，还频繁鉴定出如[具体基因名称未给出]（39.53%）、[具体基因名称未给出]（34.88%）和[具体基因名称未给出]（32.55%）等VAGs。鱼类及相关环境中MDR[细菌名称未给出]的存在（18%）令人担忧，凸显了潜在的人畜共患病和食源性传播风险。
该研究强调了MDR[细菌名称未给出]在动物性食物来源中的广泛分布，引发了对食品安全和抗菌药物耐药性的重大关注。研究结果强化了实施严格监测和监管政策以减轻MDR细菌在食品供应链中传播的必要性。未来的研究应采用宏基因组学方法进行全面监测和风险评估。
