Kosaka Koji, Yoshida Nobue, Kojima Kunie, Tojo Mayumi, Kawakami Yosuke, Echigo Shinya, Masuda Takanori
Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Public Health, 2-3-6 Minami, Wako, Saitama 351-0197, Japan.
Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Public Health, 2-3-6 Minami, Wako, Saitama 351-0197, Japan.
Sci Total Environ. 2025 May 1;975:179309. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179309. Epub 2025 Apr 5.
The occurrence of 20 disinfection byproducts (DBPs) in four DBP classes was investigated in chlorinated drinking water across Japan during four sampling campaigns (October 2021-July 2022). The four DBP classes were trihalomethanes (THMs), haloacetic acids (HAAs), dihaloacetonitriles (DHANs), and trihaloacetaldehydes (THALs). The total DBP concentrations in drinking water from 20 drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs), excluding one where only HAAs were analyzed, ranged from 14.2 to 124.8 μg/L (median, 44.5 μg/L). The concentrations of DBPs in drinking water, except for dihaloacetic acids (DHAAs), were higher at higher water temperatures, and THMs were correlated with other DBPs (trihaloacetic acids, DHANs, and THALs). In contrast, DHAA concentrations at some DWTPs were lower at higher water temperatures, likely because of DHAA decrease in distribution systems. For such DWTPs, the DHAA decrease was observed at water temperatures above approximately 10 °C when chlorine levels were approximately 0.3 mg Cl/L. At higher water temperatures, the DHAA decrease was also observed at higher chlorine levels. The bromine substitution factor for THMs in drinking water correlated with those for other DBPs, including DHAAs. The equations for the prediction of monobrominated DBP species in drinking water were constructed using THMs and the corresponding chlorinated DBP species of their monobrominated ones. These equations were applied to estimate monobrominated DBP concentrations in nationwide drinking water in Japan using DBP data from the Water Supply Statistics database by the Japan Water Works Association.
在2021年10月至2022年7月的四次采样活动中，对日本各地氯化饮用水中四类20种消毒副产物（DBP）的出现情况进行了调查。这四类DBP分别是三卤甲烷（THM）、卤乙酸（HAA）、二卤乙腈（DHAN）和三卤乙醛（THAL）。来自20个饮用水处理厂（DWTP）的饮用水中DBP总浓度（不包括仅分析了HAA的一个处理厂）范围为14.2至124.8μg/L（中位数为44.5μg/L）。除二卤乙酸（DHAA）外，饮用水中DBP的浓度在水温较高时更高，且THM与其他DBP（三卤乙酸、DHAN和THAL）相关。相比之下，一些DWTP中DHAA的浓度在水温较高时较低，这可能是由于分配系统中DHAA减少所致。对于此类DWTP，当氯含量约为0.3mg Cl/L时，在水温高于约10°C时观察到DHAA减少。在水温较高时，在氯含量较高的情况下也观察到了DHAA减少。饮用水中THM的溴取代因子与包括DHAA在内的其他DBP的溴取代因子相关。利用THM及其单溴代物对应的氯化DBP种类构建了饮用水中单溴代DBP种类的预测方程。通过日本自来水协会的供水统计数据库中的DBP数据，应用这些方程来估算日本全国饮用水中的单溴代DBP浓度。
