Hay William W
Professor (Pediatrics, Neonatology), Retired, University of Colorado, 401 Hudson Street, Denver, CO, 80220, USA.
Pediatr Res. 2025 Apr 6. doi: 10.1038/s41390-025-04062-5.
In this issue of Pediatric Research, Naseh, et al. document that extremely to very preterm infants fed recommended macronutrient intakes using early parenteral nutrition and early and reasonably rapidly advanced enteral feeding of supplemented maternal and donor milk have relatively common outcomes of brain size and morphology at term gestational age and cognition at 2 years of age. Growth rates, ranges of data, and data for individual infants would have been helpful to better assess the impact of the feeding approaches and macronutrient intakes on growth and development of the study infants, but the success of Naseh, et al.'s feeding approaches and meeting recommended macronutrient intakes is encouraging. IMPACT: Preterm infants who are fed recommended macronutrient intakes using early parenteral nutrition and early enteral feeding of supplemented maternal and donor milk have relatively common brain size and morphology at term gestation and cognition at 2 years. These results expand the literature documenting that following rational feeding guidelines produces more optimal nutritional outcomes of preterm infants. Early enteral feeding helps produce more optimal nutrition for preterm infants. More research is needed to produce more optimal intravenous amino acid and lipid products and more optimal feeding approaches, and assess longer term growth, neurodevelopment, and cogniation.
在本期《儿科研究》中，纳塞等人记录了，对于极早产儿和超早产儿，采用早期肠外营养以及早期且合理快速推进的经口喂养补充母乳和捐赠母乳，并摄入推荐的常量营养素，在足月胎龄时脑容量和形态以及在2岁时认知方面会有相对常见的结果。生长速率、数据范围以及个体婴儿的数据，对于更好地评估喂养方式和常量营养素摄入量对研究中婴儿生长发育的影响会有所帮助，但纳塞等人的喂养方式以及达到推荐常量营养素摄入量的成功情况令人鼓舞。影响：采用早期肠外营养以及早期经口喂养补充母乳和捐赠母乳并摄入推荐常量营养素的早产儿，在足月妊娠时脑容量和形态相对常见，在2岁时认知情况也相对常见。这些结果扩展了文献记录，即遵循合理的喂养指南会为早产儿带来更优的营养结果。早期经口喂养有助于为早产儿带来更优的营养。需要开展更多研究以生产更优的静脉用氨基酸和脂质产品以及更优的喂养方式，并评估长期生长、神经发育和认知情况。
