Zhang Ruimin, John Martin Jerome Jeyakumar, Liu Xiaoyu, Li Xinyu, Zhou Lixia, Li Rui, Fu Xiaopeng, Li Wenrao, Cao Hongxing
National Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Fruit and Vegetable Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wenchang, China.
Front Plant Sci. 2025 Mar 24;16:1530673. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2025.1530673. eCollection 2025.
To identify candidate genes for breeding oil palm varieties with high flavonoid content through molecular biotechnology, this study analyzed the metabolomes and transcriptomes of oil palm exocarp at different developmental stages using LC-MS/MS and RNA-Seq techniques. The green fruiting type (FS) oil palm exocarp at 95 days (FS1), 125 days (FS2), and 185 days (FS3) after pollination served as the materials. The enzyme genes F3H, CHS, ANS, and DFR were positively correlated with Quercetin-3-O-sambubioside. DFR also showed positive correlations with Afzelechin, Epiafzelechin, and Baimaside. In contrast, F3H, CHS, and ANS were negatively correlated with Hesperetin-7-O-glucoside. Additionally, CYP73A, UGT73C6, FG2-1, and FG2-2 were negatively correlated with Afzelechin, Epiafzelechin, Quercetin-3-O-sambubioside, and Baimaside, while CYP75A was negatively correlated with Epiafzelechin, Quercetin-3-O-sambubioside, and Baimaside. These results suggest that F3H, CHS, ANS, and DFR play a role in promoting Quercetin-3-O-sambubioside* synthesis, with DFR further enhancing the production of Afzelechin, Epiafzelechin, and Baimaside. On the other hand, F3H, CHS, and ANS may inhibit Hesperetin-7-O-glucoside synthesis. Meanwhile, CYP73A, UGT73C6, FG2-1, and FG2-2 appear to suppress the synthesis of multiple flavonoids, including Afzelechin, Epiafzelechin, Quercetin-3-O-sambubioside*, and Baimaside. Lastly, CYP75A is implicated in suppressing Epiafzelechin, Quercetin-3-O-sambubioside*, and Baimaside synthesis. These findings provide a foundation for future molecular breeding efforts targeting flavonoid-rich oil palm varieties.
为了通过分子生物技术鉴定用于培育高黄酮含量油棕品种的候选基因，本研究利用液相色谱-串联质谱（LC-MS/MS）和RNA测序（RNA-Seq）技术分析了油棕外果皮在不同发育阶段的代谢组和转录组。授粉后95天（FS1）、125天（FS2）和185天（FS3）的绿色结果型（FS）油棕外果皮用作材料。酶基因F3H、CHS、ANS和DFR与槲皮素-3-O-接骨木二糖苷呈正相关。DFR还与阿夫儿茶素、表阿夫儿茶素和白矢车菊苷呈正相关。相反，F3H、CHS和ANS与橙皮素-7-O-葡萄糖苷呈负相关。此外，CYP73A、UGT73C6、FG2-1和FG2-2与阿夫儿茶素、表阿夫儿茶素、槲皮素-3-O-接骨木二糖苷和白矢车菊苷呈负相关，而CYP75A与表阿夫儿茶素、槲皮素-3-O-接骨木二糖苷和白矢车菊苷呈负相关。这些结果表明，F3H、CHS、ANS和DFR在促进槲皮素-3-O-接骨木二糖苷的合成中起作用，DFR进一步提高了阿夫儿茶素、表阿夫儿茶素和白矢车菊苷的产量。另一方面，F3H、CHS和ANS可能抑制橙皮素-7-O-葡萄糖苷的合成。同时，CYP73A、UGT73C6、FG2-1和FG2-2似乎抑制多种黄酮类化合物的合成，包括阿夫儿茶素、表阿夫儿茶素、槲皮素-3-O-接骨木二糖苷和白矢车菊苷。最后，CYP75A与抑制表阿夫儿茶素、槲皮素-3-O-接骨木二糖苷和白矢车菊苷的合成有关。这些发现为未来针对富含黄酮类化合物的油棕品种的分子育种工作奠定了基础。
