Nouri Mehraneh, Nasiri Fateme, Sharif Samaneh, Abbaszadegan Mohammad Reza
Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Pathol Res Pract. 2025 May;269:155937. doi: 10.1016/j.prp.2025.155937. Epub 2025 Mar 29.
Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) have emerged as essential carriers of molecular biomarkers and mediators of intercellular communication. While previous studies have predominantly focused on EV proteins, lipids, and RNA, the role of EV-derived DNA (EV-DNA) remains relatively unexplored. Understanding EV-DNA is crucial, given its association with nearly all EV populations. This review aims to comprehensively summarize existing EV-DNA research, emphasizing its functional significance and potential as a disease biomarker. By bridging the gap in our understanding, we shed light on the origins, structure, localization, and distribution of EV-DNA. We analyze a wide range of studies, investigating EV-DNA across various pathological conditions. Our review encompasses experimental methods, theoretical approaches, and clinical observations, providing a holistic view of EV-DNA research. We discuss the biogenesis mechanisms of different EV subtypes, the available isolation methods for these subtypes, and consider their origins and variability under different conditions. EV-DNA exhibits remarkable stability and reflects genomic alterations, making it a promising candidate for liquid biopsy applications. From cancer diagnostics to treatment monitoring, EV-DNA holds significant potential. The findings underscore the importance of EV-DNA as an innovative biomarker. As research continues, EV-DNA may revolutionize disease detection, prognosis, and therapeutic strategies.
细胞外囊泡（EVs）已成为分子生物标志物的重要载体和细胞间通讯的介质。虽然先前的研究主要集中在EV的蛋白质、脂质和RNA上，但EV衍生DNA（EV-DNA）的作用仍相对未被探索。鉴于其与几乎所有EV群体的关联，了解EV-DNA至关重要。本综述旨在全面总结现有的EV-DNA研究，强调其功能意义和作为疾病生物标志物的潜力。通过弥合我们理解上的差距，我们阐明了EV-DNA的起源、结构、定位和分布。我们分析了广泛的研究，调查了各种病理条件下的EV-DNA。我们的综述涵盖了实验方法、理论方法和临床观察，提供了EV-DNA研究的整体视图。我们讨论了不同EV亚型的生物发生机制、这些亚型可用的分离方法，并考虑了它们在不同条件下的起源和变异性。EV-DNA表现出显著的稳定性并反映基因组改变，使其成为液体活检应用中有前景的候选者。从癌症诊断到治疗监测，EV-DNA都具有巨大潜力。这些发现强调了EV-DNA作为一种创新生物标志物的重要性。随着研究的继续，EV-DNA可能会彻底改变疾病检测、预后和治疗策略。
