Functionalizing Nonfunctional Surfaces: Creation of Metal Oxide Nanopatterns on High-Performance Polymers via Self-Assembly of PS--PEO.

High-performance polymers are pivotal for a wide range of applications due to their excellent mechanical, chemical, and thermal properties. This work introduces, for the first time, a block copolymer (BCP) self-assembly method to modify the surfaces of different high-performance polymers. Using highly ordered poly(styrene--ethylene oxide) (PS--PEO) thin films as templates, metallic oxide nanopillars (AlO, AgO, MgO, CaO, and TiO) with a 20 nm average diameter were fabricated. These were created on high-performance polymer substrates, specifically, polyetheretherketone (PEEK), carbon fiber-reinforced polyetheretherketone (CFPEEK), and ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene. This method addresses the low chemical activity of these polymeric substrates, offering a cost-effective, scalable solution to produce their surface functionalization. Characterization via atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy validate the structure and composition of the nanostructured surfaces. The significance of BCP self-assembly is emphasized as an effective and versatile approach for the nanoscale tailoring of surface properties in high-performance polymers. This process offers a straightforward method with low technological and energetic costs, paving the way for the extensive surface modification of large areas. The implications of this work extend to various sectors, including biomedical devices, sensors, and electronics, showcasing the broad applicability of this nanoscale tailoring technique.