Hesselink André, Winkvist Anna, Lindroos Anna Karin, Eustachio Colombo Patricia, Bärebring Linnea, Hallström Elinor, Augustin Hanna
Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2025 Jul;251:106759. doi: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2025.106759. Epub 2025 Apr 7.
The global food system contributes roughly one-third of global greenhouse gas emissions (GHGEs) making shifts towards more sustainable food consumption an imperative. Such diets also need to factor in nutrient requirements and cultural acceptability. Our aim was to simulate dietary changes for adolescents in Sweden to achieve the recommended intake (RI) for vitamin D while factoring in additional nutrients, cultural acceptability and keeping the diet within planetary boundaries for climate change. A baseline diet was estimated from Sweden's national dietary survey Riksmaten Adolescents 2016-17 (n = 3099, ages 11-18 years), which provided food intake via two 24-hour recalls. Intake data were linked to the Swedish Food Agency's food composition database and GHGE estimates from the Research Institutes of Sweden's (RISE) Food Climate Database. Linear programming was used to optimize the baseline diet to meet the RI for vitamin D (10 µg/day), reduce GHGEs to ≤ 1.7 kg CO-equivalents/person/day, and minimize dietary changes from baseline to factor in cultural acceptability. A second optimization included 25 additional nutrients requirements. Both optimized diets met their respective requirements reducing GHGEs by 54 % but relied heavily on milk and yoghurt (fortified by law), which provided > 60 % of vitamin D intake. Both diets also required major shifts toward plant-based foods and the second optimization demanded a five-fold greater change in diet from baseline compared to first optimization. Results suggest that adolescents in Sweden can achieve RIs for vitamin D and other nutrients while greatly reducing diet-related GHGEs, though cultural acceptability may be a challenge.
全球粮食系统约占全球温室气体排放（GHGEs）的三分之一，因此向更可持续的食物消费转变势在必行。此类饮食还需要考虑营养需求和文化可接受性。我们的目标是模拟瑞典青少年的饮食变化，以达到维生素D的推荐摄入量（RI），同时考虑其他营养素、文化可接受性，并使饮食保持在气候变化的地球边界范围内。根据瑞典全国饮食调查“2016 - 17年瑞典青少年饮食调查”（n = 3099，年龄11 - 18岁）估算出基线饮食，该调查通过两次24小时膳食回顾提供食物摄入量。摄入数据与瑞典食品局的食物成分数据库以及瑞典研究院（RISE）食品气候数据库的GHGE估算值相关联。使用线性规划来优化基线饮食，以满足维生素D的RI（10μg/天），将GHGEs降低至≤1.7千克二氧化碳当量/人/天，并尽量减少与基线相比的饮食变化，以考虑文化可接受性。第二次优化包括另外25种营养素需求。两种优化后的饮食都满足了各自的要求，将GHGEs降低了54%，但严重依赖牛奶和酸奶（依法强化）获取>60%的维生素D摄入量。两种饮食还都需要大幅转向植物性食物，与第一次优化相比，第二次优化要求饮食从基线的变化幅度增大五倍。结果表明，瑞典青少年可以在大幅减少与饮食相关的GHGEs的同时，实现维生素D和其他营养素的RI，不过文化可接受性可能是一个挑战。
