Massadeh Adnan M, Abu Diak Waad E
Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan.
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan.
Biol Trace Elem Res. 2025 Apr 10. doi: 10.1007/s12011-025-04600-6.
Vaccination is one of the cutting-edge approaches for preventing and controlling infectious diseases in humans and animals. However, using elements as mineral adjuvants in vaccine manufacture has raised a vaccine safety concern. This study was designed to determine the concentrations of 19 elements in 33 veterinary vaccines and their diluents given to poultry, pets such as cats and dogs, and large animals including sheep, goats, cattle, and camels using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to track these sources of these elements by analyzing vaccines and their diluents. The findings in this study indicated that pet vaccines had a high concentration of all targeted elements, and all analyzed samples were rich in the most vital elements for animals, with particularly high concentrations of Ca. In addition, the results indicate that the majority of elements including Ca, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Bi, Th, U, Cd, In, and Pb originate from the vaccination diluents. Conversely, antigens are the source of Li, Ga, Sr, and Ba. The study demonstrated the use of Al and Ca as an adjuvant through their high concentrations of both elements in vaccines. The relative standard deviation values (RSD %) were < 4% for all targeted elements, R > 0.996, and accuracy % varies between 93% (for Sr, and Bi) and 99% (for most elements). Research and monitoring to assess the safety and efficacy of elements in veterinary vaccines should be expanded and highlighted to guide future use of these ingredients.
疫苗接种是预防和控制人类及动物传染病的前沿方法之一。然而，在疫苗生产中使用元素作为矿物佐剂引发了对疫苗安全性的担忧。本研究旨在使用电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）测定33种兽用疫苗及其稀释剂中19种元素的浓度，这些疫苗用于家禽、猫和狗等宠物以及包括绵羊、山羊、牛和骆驼在内的大型动物，通过分析疫苗及其稀释剂来追踪这些元素的来源。本研究结果表明，宠物疫苗中所有目标元素的浓度都很高，所有分析样本都富含对动物最重要的元素，其中钙的浓度尤其高。此外，结果表明，包括钙、铬、锰、钴、镍、铜、锌、铋、钍、铀、镉、铟和铅在内的大多数元素都来自疫苗稀释剂。相反，锂、镓、锶和钡的来源是抗原。该研究通过疫苗中铝和钙的高浓度证明了它们作为佐剂的用途。所有目标元素的相对标准偏差值（RSD%）<4%，R>0.996，准确度%在93%（锶和铋）至99%（大多数元素）之间变化。应扩大和突出评估兽用疫苗中元素安全性和有效性的研究与监测，以指导这些成分的未来使用。
