Patel Jay P, Hardaswani Daksh, Patel Jaykumar, Saiyed Faizanali, Goswami Rushita J, Saiyed Taskin I, Patel Harshkumar, Amin Trishul H
Internal Medicine, Chirayu Medical College and Hospital, Bhopal, IND.
Internal Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Wardha, IND.
Cureus. 2025 Mar 10;17(3):e80321. doi: 10.7759/cureus.80321. eCollection 2025 Mar.
Obesity, a multifaceted and chronic condition characterized by excessive fat accumulation, poses significant risks to overall health and is associated with various metabolic and cardiovascular complications. This literature review evaluates and compares the effectiveness of four pharmacological agents semaglutide, liraglutide, orlistat, phentermine, and emerging agents like setmelanotide, amycretin, retatrutide, cagrilintide, and cotadutide in managing weight loss among obese. A detailed analysis was conducted on their mechanisms of action, dosing regimens, efficacy in weight loss, safety profiles, and their impact on obesity-related comorbidities. Although all agents presented distinct benefits, side effects such as gastrointestinal discomfort with orlistat and GLP-1 receptor agonists, and potential dependency with phentermine, necessitate tailored treatment approaches. This review highlights the importance of integrating pharmacotherapy with lifestyle interventions to achieve sustainable weight management and identifies areas for future research to optimize therapeutic outcomes for individuals with obesity.
肥胖是一种以脂肪过度堆积为特征的多方面慢性疾病，对整体健康构成重大风险，并与各种代谢和心血管并发症相关。这篇文献综述评估并比较了四种药物（司美格鲁肽、利拉鲁肽、奥利司他、苯丁胺）以及新型药物（如setmelanotide、amycretin、retatrutide、卡格列肽和可他肽）在肥胖人群体重减轻管理方面的有效性。对它们的作用机制、给药方案、减肥效果、安全性概况以及对肥胖相关合并症的影响进行了详细分析。尽管所有药物都有明显的益处，但诸如奥利司他和GLP-1受体激动剂引起的胃肠道不适以及苯丁胺的潜在依赖性等副作用，需要采取个性化的治疗方法。本综述强调了将药物治疗与生活方式干预相结合以实现可持续体重管理的重要性，并确定了未来研究的领域，以优化肥胖个体的治疗效果。
