Reina Jordi, Fraile-Ribot Pablo, Viana-Ramírez Julia, Suárez Loreto, Gutiérrez Olivia
Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, España.
Hospital Comarcal de Manacor, Islas Baleares, España.
Rev Esp Quimioter. 2025 Apr 10;38(3):214-221. doi: 10.37201/req/004.2025.
An observational study is presented on a community outbreak of parvovirus B19 (PVB19) infection that occurred between January and July 2024 in Mallorca.
PVB19 infection was diagnosed by serology (IgM) and specific PCR.
A total of 151 patients were diagnosed. Of these, 63 (41.7%) were <15 years old. The age groups with the highest number of cases were 5-10 years (19.8%) and 30-45 years (33.7%). Overall, 33.1% were male and 66.9% female, with age-related differences; among adults, 81.9% were female. The most frequent pathologies in the child population were fever, rash and petechiae, while in adults, fever and arthralgia predominated. Among the women, 8 were pregnant (11.1%) and 4 had fetal involvement. In addition to serum, PVB19 was detected in 10 pharyngeal swabs, 6 skin swabs, 3 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples, and 1 amniotic fluid sample. Specific IgM was detected in 98.4% of cases, along with cross-reactions with Epstein-Barr virus (69.5%) and mumps virus (42.8%), mainly in adults. In 6 cases, positive IgM was detected to PVB19, Epstein-Barr virus and mumps were simultaneously detected (4 adults and 2 children). PCR was positive in 95.4% of all samples and in 94.6% of serum samples.
The specific diagnosis of PVB19 infection should be based not only on clinical findings but also on serological detection (IgM) and genomic detection (PCR).
本文介绍了一项关于2024年1月至7月在马略卡岛发生的社区B19型细小病毒（PVB19）感染暴发的观察性研究。
通过血清学（IgM）和特异性PCR诊断PVB19感染。
共诊断出151例患者。其中，63例（41.7%）年龄小于15岁。病例数最多的年龄组是5至10岁（19.8%）和30至45岁（33.7%）。总体而言，33.1%为男性，66.9%为女性，存在年龄相关差异；在成年人中，81.9%为女性。儿童人群中最常见的病症是发热、皮疹和瘀点，而成年人中则以发热和关节痛为主。在这些女性中，8例怀孕（11.1%），4例胎儿受到感染。除血清外，在10份咽拭子、6份皮肤拭子、3份脑脊液（CSF）样本和1份羊水样本中检测到PVB19。98.4%的病例检测到特异性IgM，同时与EB病毒（69.5%）和腮腺炎病毒（42.8%）存在交叉反应，主要发生在成年人中。在6例病例中，同时检测到PVB19、EB病毒和腮腺炎病毒的IgM阳性（4名成年人和2名儿童）。所有样本中95.4%的PCR呈阳性，血清样本中94.6%的PCR呈阳性。
PVB19感染的特异性诊断不仅应基于临床表现，还应基于血清学检测（IgM）和基因组检测（PCR）。
