从政策制定者、研究人员和知识中介的角度确定促进日本循证决策的因素：一项半结构化访谈

Identifying factors for promoting evidence-based policymaking in Japan with the perspective of policymakers, researchers and knowledge brokers: a semistructured interview.

作者信息

Arimura Yuko, Yanagawa Yuko, Kiuchi Shota, Matsuyama Haruka, Uehata Hinata, Suto Maiko, Tomori Hisaya, Takehara Kenji, Sensaki Sonoko

机构信息

Think Tank for Children and Families, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.

Department of Social Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.

出版信息

Health Res Policy Syst. 2025 Apr 10;23(1):48. doi: 10.1186/s12961-025-01320-0.

DOI:10.1186/s12961-025-01320-0

PMID:40211353

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11983971/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

The promotion of evidence-based policymaking (EBPM) is increasingly recognized globally for its potential to maximize health outcomes by efficiently utilizing finite resources and focusing on evidence. Although previous literature has identified some facilitators and barriers to promoting EBPM, these are mainly produced in Western countries, with no comparable research conducted yet in Japan. In recent years, knowledge brokers (KBs) have been focusing on the potential to facilitate EBPM. However, previous studies have targeted policymakers and researchers. This study explores the factors promoting EBPM in Japan by integrating the perspectives of policymakers, researchers and KBs.

METHODS

Semistructured interviews were conducted with 15 informants, 5 from each stakeholder, including policymakers, researchers and KBs. The data were analysed using an inductive thematic approach. Since this study aimed to identify factors considered necessary by multiple individuals for promoting EBPM rather than extracting atypical opinions, subcategories were defined as those with at least two speakers.

RESULTS

A total of 15 interviewees (5 from each of the three stakeholders) participated. We identified five categories and 25 subcategories. The identified categories included cooperative engagement between government and external organizations, policy methods and mechanisms, governmental structure and environment, academic environment and development structure of KBs. The extracted subcategories were generating flexible evidence by researchers meeting the policy needs and creating platforms for active exchange of opinions and relationship-building across organizational boundaries.

CONCLUSIONS

Most factors identified in previous studies were observed in the Japanese context. Thus, we recommend that Japan implement interventions already established abroad, as they can significantly contribute to the advancement of EBPM. In addition, by incorporating the perspectives of KBs alongside policymakers and researchers, this study identified factors not addressed in prior research. To further support EBPM advancement, future studies should identify the competencies required for KBs and explore effective strategies for their development.

摘要

背景

循证决策（EBPM）的推广因其能够通过有效利用有限资源和关注证据来最大化健康成果而在全球范围内日益受到认可。尽管先前的文献已经确定了一些促进循证决策的推动因素和障碍，但这些主要是在西方国家产生的，日本尚未进行类似的研究。近年来，知识经纪人（KBs）一直关注促进循证决策的潜力。然而，先前的研究对象是政策制定者和研究人员。本研究通过整合政策制定者、研究人员和知识经纪人的观点，探索日本促进循证决策的因素。

方法

对15名受访者进行了半结构化访谈，每个利益相关者（包括政策制定者、研究人员和知识经纪人）各5名。使用归纳主题法对数据进行分析。由于本研究旨在确定多个个体认为促进循证决策所必需的因素，而非提取非典型观点，因此子类别被定义为至少有两名受访者提及的类别。

结果

共有15名受访者（三个利益相关者各5名）参与。我们确定了五个类别和25个子类别。确定的类别包括政府与外部组织之间的合作参与、政策方法和机制、政府结构和环境、学术环境以及知识经纪人的发展结构。提取的子类别包括研究人员根据政策需求生成灵活的证据，以及创建跨组织边界积极交流意见和建立关系的平台。

结论

先前研究中确定的大多数因素在日本背景下也有体现。因此，我们建议日本实施国外已有的干预措施，因为它们可以显著促进循证决策的推进。此外，通过将知识经纪人的观点与政策制定者和研究人员的观点相结合，本研究确定了先前研究未涉及的因素。为了进一步支持循证决策的推进，未来的研究应确定知识经纪人所需的能力，并探索其发展的有效策略。