Zhang Qian-Kui, Zhang Xue-Qiang, Yuan Hong, Huang Jia-Qi
School of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China.
Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China.
Small Sci. 2021 Aug 21;1(10):2100058. doi: 10.1002/smsc.202100058. eCollection 2021 Oct.
Lithium (Li) metal battery is considered as a promising next-generation high-energy-density battery system. Battery safety is a foundation for the practical applications of Li metal batteries. In addition to uncontrollable Li plating/stripping, however, the employment of solvents and Li salts with poor thermal stability and high flammability also induces potential safety hazards to Li metal batteries based on liquid electrolytes, which emerges as a challenging but uncompromising task for Li metal batteries. Therefore, it is of great significance to focus and improve the thermal stability and nonflammability of liquid electrolytes while maintaining its role in regulating the uniformity of Li deposition. Herein, the possible thermal runaway mechanism of Li metal batteries is first discussed, especially the difference from the thermal runaway mechanism of Li-ion batteries. Second, the measurement methods of thermal stability and nonflammability of liquid electrolytes are summarized, including the basic principles and application examples. Third, recent progress of nonflammable electrolytes for Li metal batteries is reviewed according to the types of electrolyte. Finally, the perspectives of further designing thermally stable and nonflammable electrolytes for Li metal batteries are presented.
锂（Li）金属电池被认为是一种很有前景的下一代高能量密度电池系统。电池安全性是锂金属电池实际应用的基础。然而，除了不可控的锂镀层/脱层外，使用热稳定性差和易燃性高的溶剂和锂盐也会给基于液体电解质的锂金属电池带来潜在安全隐患，这对锂金属电池来说是一项具有挑战性但又不能妥协的任务。因此，在保持液体电解质调节锂沉积均匀性作用的同时，关注并提高其热稳定性和不可燃性具有重要意义。在此，首先讨论锂金属电池可能的热失控机制，特别是与锂离子电池热失控机制的差异。其次，总结液体电解质热稳定性和不可燃性的测量方法，包括基本原理和应用实例。第三，根据电解质类型综述锂金属电池不可燃电解质的最新进展。最后，展望了进一步设计锂金属电池热稳定且不可燃电解质的前景。
