Ou-Yang Hai-Jing, Huang Ying, Qin Lu-Lu
Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, China.
Healthcare (Basel). 2025 Mar 26;13(7):733. doi: 10.3390/healthcare13070733.
General practice (GP) plays an important role in the healthcare of human populations, and Chinese medical schools have paid attention to using education to improve the GP ability of medical students. However, there are still a lack of evaluating tools focusing on the general practice ability of clinical undergraduate students in China. To the best of our knowledge, this is one of the first studies aimed at constructing a scale of the general practice ability of medical undergraduates (GPA-MU) and understanding the current situation and factors influencing the general practice ability of the undergraduate clinical medical students in China.
This study included two steps: the scale development and the empirical study. The items of the GPA-MU scales were developed from a literature review, in-depth individual interviews, Delphi expert consultation, and a pilot test. For the empirical study, a sample of 318 medical undergraduates was recruited. Item analysis, content validity, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, convergent and discriminant validity, and internal consistency reliability were conducted to examine the properties of the GPA-MU, and single and multi-factor analysis were used to explore the related factors of the GPA-MU.
Finally, the GPA-MU consisted of 3 first grade indexes, 12 second grade indexes, and 43 third grade indexes, with good reliability and validity, which could be used to assess the level of general practice ability of clinical undergraduate students. According to the cross-sectional study, the general practice ability score of clinical undergraduate students in Hunan Province was 83.75 ± 14.97, indicating the low general practice ability of clinical undergraduate students. The region, knowledge, duration of practice, and salary package had an obvious effect on the general practice ability of clinical undergraduate students. Further targeted intervention strategies in China are needed to strength the general practice ability of students.
全科医学在人群医疗保健中发挥着重要作用，中国医学院校已重视通过教育提高医学生的全科医学能力。然而，我国仍缺乏针对临床本科学生全科医学能力的评估工具。据我们所知，这是首批旨在构建医科大学生全科医学能力量表（GPA-MU）并了解中国本科临床医学学生全科医学能力现状及影响因素的研究之一。
本研究包括两个步骤：量表编制和实证研究。GPA-MU量表的条目通过文献回顾、深入个体访谈、德尔菲专家咨询和预试验来制定。对于实证研究，招募了318名医科大学生作为样本。进行项目分析、内容效度、探索性和验证性因素分析、收敛效度和区分效度以及内部一致性信度检验，以检验GPA-MU的特性，并采用单因素和多因素分析来探索GPA-MU的相关因素。
最终，GPA-MU由3个一级指标、12个二级指标和43个三级指标组成，具有良好的信度和效度，可用于评估临床本科学生的全科医学能力水平。根据横断面研究，湖南省临床本科学生的全科医学能力得分为83.75±14.97，表明临床本科学生的全科医学能力较低。地区、知识、实习时间和薪资待遇对临床本科学生的全科医学能力有明显影响。我国需要进一步采取有针对性的干预策略来增强学生的全科医学能力。
