Rsaliyev Shynbolat, Gultyaeva Elena, Baranova Olga, Kokhmetova Alma, Urazaliev Rahim, Shaydayuk Ekaterina, Abdikadyrova Akbope, Abugali Galiya
Kazakh Research Institute of Agriculture and Plant Growing, Almalybak 040909, Kazakhstan.
All Russian Institute of Plant Protection, Shosse Podbelskogo 3, 196608 St. Petersburg, Russia.
Plants (Basel). 2025 Apr 7;14(7):1146. doi: 10.3390/plants14071146.
In an effort to enhance wheat's resilience against rust diseases, our research explores the genetic underpinnings of resistance in a diverse collection of winter bread wheat accessions. Leaf rust (), yellow rust ( f. sp. ), and stem rust ( f. sp. ) are significant threats to global wheat production. By leveraging host genetic resistance, we can improve disease management strategies. Our study evaluated 55 wheat accessions, including germplasm from Kazakhstan, from Uzbekistan, from Russia, from Kyrgyzstan, France, and CIMMYT under field conditions in southern Kazakhstan from 2022 to 2024. The results showed a robust resistance profile: 49.1% of accessions exhibited high to moderate resistance to leaf rust, 12.7% to yellow rust, and 30.9% to stem rust. Notably, ten accessions demonstrated resistance to multiple rust species, while seven showed resistance to two rusts. Twenty accessions were selected for further seedling resistance and molecular analysis. Three accessions proved resistant to six isolates of , two to four isolates of , and four to five isolates of . Although no genotypes were found to be universally resistant to all rust species at the seedling stage, two accessions-Bezostaya 100 (Russia) and KIZ 90 (Kazakhstan)-displayed consistent resistance to leaf and stem rust in both seedling and field evaluations. Molecular analysis revealed the presence of key resistance genes, including , , , , , , , , and the 1AL.1RS translocation. This work provides valuable insights into the genetic landscape of wheat rust resistance and contributes to the development of new wheat cultivars that can withstand these diseases, enhancing global food security.
为提高小麦对锈病的抗性，我们的研究探索了多种冬性面包小麦种质资源中抗性的遗传基础。叶锈病、条锈病和秆锈病是全球小麦生产的重大威胁。通过利用宿主遗传抗性，我们可以改进病害管理策略。我们的研究在2022年至2024年期间于哈萨克斯坦南部的田间条件下评估了55份小麦种质资源，包括来自哈萨克斯坦、乌兹别克斯坦、俄罗斯、吉尔吉斯斯坦、法国和国际玉米小麦改良中心（CIMMYT）的种质。结果显示出强大的抗性表现：49.1%的种质对叶锈病表现出高到中等抗性，12.7%对条锈病，30.9%对秆锈病。值得注意的是，有10份种质对多种锈病表现出抗性，7份对两种锈病有抗性。挑选了20份种质进行进一步的苗期抗性和分子分析。有3份种质对6个叶锈菌分离株表现出抗性，2份对4个条锈菌分离株，4份对5个秆锈菌分离株。虽然在苗期没有发现对所有锈病都普遍抗性的基因型，但两份种质——Bezostaya 100（俄罗斯）和KIZ 90（哈萨克斯坦）——在苗期和田间评估中对叶锈病和秆锈病都表现出一致的抗性。分子分析揭示了关键抗性基因的存在，包括、、、、、、、以及1AL.1RS易位。这项工作为小麦抗锈病的遗传格局提供了有价值的见解，并有助于培育能够抵御这些病害的新小麦品种，增强全球粮食安全。
