Fouda Karem, Mohamed Rasha S
Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt.
Polymers (Basel). 2025 Mar 28;17(7):912. doi: 10.3390/polym17070912.
The goal of this study was to design polymeric beads with a core of date palm pollen (DPP, L.) extract using the ionic gelation method and then assess the effects of the extract in combination with alginate polymer (alginate/DPP beads) on the profile of phenolic compounds, their in vitro controlled release, as well as their antioxidant characteristics, and potential role in hepato-protection and fertility-stimulating hormones improvement in bisphenol A (BPA)-treated rats. The encapsulation efficiency (EE) was 94.27 ± 1.47%. The study found that phenolic release was highest (89.81%) at pH 7.4 (simulated intestinal fluid) and lowest (59.43%) at pH 2 (simulated stomach fluid) after 3 h. This particular type of bead also exhibited significant antioxidant activity, phenolic component content, and flavonoid content. The estimated phenolic content was 66.48 mg GAE/g, with methyl gallate, gallic acid, and naringenin as the main components. In vivo evaluation findings revealed that both doses of alginate/DPP beads (delivering 250 and 350 mg/kg of extract per day) significantly protected the liver (as demonstrated by downregulated liver function parameters), improved levels of male fertility-stimulating hormones, reduced oxidative stress parameters and inflammatory cytokines, and protected both liver and testicular tissues from BPA-induced changes. Thus, the actions of alginate/DPP beads make them a promising choice for antioxidant, liver-protecting, and male hormone-enhancing hydrogels.
本研究的目的是采用离子凝胶法设计以枣椰花粉（DPP，L.）提取物为核心的聚合物微珠，然后评估该提取物与海藻酸盐聚合物（海藻酸盐/DPP微珠）组合对酚类化合物谱、其体外控释、抗氧化特性的影响，以及在双酚A（BPA）处理的大鼠中对肝脏保护和生育刺激激素改善的潜在作用。包封率（EE）为94.27±1.47%。研究发现，3小时后，酚类物质在pH 7.4（模拟肠液）时释放最高（89.81%），在pH 2（模拟胃液）时释放最低（59.43%）。这种特殊类型的微珠还表现出显著的抗氧化活性、酚类成分含量和黄酮类含量。估计酚类含量为66.48 mg GAE/g，主要成分是没食子酸甲酯、没食子酸和柚皮素。体内评估结果显示，两种剂量的海藻酸盐/DPP微珠（每天提供250和350 mg/kg提取物）均能显著保护肝脏（肝功能参数下调证明），提高雄性生育刺激激素水平，降低氧化应激参数和炎性细胞因子，并保护肝脏和睾丸组织免受BPA诱导的变化。因此，海藻酸盐/DPP微珠的作用使其成为抗氧化剂类、肝脏保护类和雄性激素增强类水凝胶的有前途的选择。
