De Baetselier Elyne, da Cunha Batalha Luis Manuel, Sousa Pedro Seguro José Miguel, Dijkstra Nienke E, Grøndahl Vigdis Abrahamsen, Heczková Jana, Helgesen Ann Karin, Lekše Rebeka, Lillo-Crespo Manuel, Malara Alba, Petraglia Laura, Pokorná Andrea, Prosen Mirko, Tziaferi Styliani, Dilles Tinne
Centre for Research and Innovation in Care, NuPhaC, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing (UICISA: E), Nursing School of Coimbra (ESEnfC), Coimbra, Portugal.
J Nurs Manag. 2025 Feb 26;2025:7466527. doi: 10.1155/jonm/7466527. eCollection 2025.
Despite trends towards greater professionalisation of the nursing profession and an improved public image in certain countries, studies also show that large proportions of the public still do not fully appreciate nurses' competencies. Mapping differences in the societal and professional recognition of nurses allows for benchmarking among countries. To investigate the level of societal recognition of the nursing profession in nine European countries, and the level of professional recognition perceived by European nurses themselves; to compare levels of recognition between countries; and to identify influencing factors. A cross-sectional study was conducted. Through an online survey, the study surveyed both the general public and nurses from various healthcare settings across nine countries between December 2022 and June 2023. The instrument used was a combination of self-developed questions on societal and professional recognition, the Work Motivation Scale and an adapted version of the Multidimensional Work Motivation Scale. Data were analysed using SPSS v.29.0, with socioeconomic prestige scores for the public and work environment/work motivation scores for nurses calculated accordingly. A total of 1618 adult citizens and 2335 nurses participated. The public predominantly characterised nurses with attributes such as friendliness, warmth, empathy and compassion. The mean socioeconomic prestige score assigned to nurses was 7.2/10 (SD 1.9), with Portugal having the highest score ( 7.5/10, SD 2.0) and Norway the lowest ( 5.8/10, SD 1.4; < 0.001). Professional recognition experienced by nurses was generally low (54% indicated rather low, 17% very low). Slovenia, the Netherlands and Belgium had slightly higher mean scores (all 1.4/3) compared to other countries ( < 0.001). High professional recognition could be predicted for 33% by work environment score (OR = 1.21; 95% CI [1.19-1.24]), work motivation score (OR = 1.02; 95%CI[1.01-1.02]), expertise outside the hospital (OR = 1.57; 95% CI [1.25-1.97]) and work experience (OR = 1.01; 95% CI [1.00-1.02]) corrected for country. The study highlights the need for targeted interventions to improve the professional and public image of the nursing profession while addressing disparities in professional recognition between countries. Longitudinal studies are recommended to monitor changes in public perception and professional recognition among nurses.
尽管在某些国家，护理行业呈现出日益专业化的趋势，公众形象也有所改善，但研究还表明，很大一部分公众仍然没有充分认识到护士的能力。梳理各国在社会和职业层面上对护士认可的差异，有助于在不同国家之间进行基准比较。本研究旨在调查九个欧洲国家对护理行业的社会认可程度，以及欧洲护士自身所感知到的职业认可程度；比较各国之间的认可水平；并确定影响因素。开展了一项横断面研究。通过在线调查，该研究在2022年12月至2023年6月期间，对九个国家不同医疗环境中的普通公众和护士进行了调查。所使用的工具是自行设计的关于社会和职业认可的问题、工作动机量表以及多维工作动机量表的改编版。使用SPSS v.29.0对数据进行分析，相应计算出公众的社会经济声望得分以及护士的工作环境/工作动机得分。共有1618名成年公民和2335名护士参与。公众主要用友好、热情、同理心和同情心等特质来描述护士。护士的社会经济声望平均得分为7.2/10（标准差1.9），葡萄牙得分最高（7.5/10，标准差2.0），挪威得分最低（5.8/10，标准差1.4；P<0.001）。护士所体验到的职业认可普遍较低（54%表示认可程度较低，17%表示非常低）。与其他国家相比，斯洛文尼亚、荷兰和比利时的平均得分略高（均为1.4/3；P<0.001）。工作环境得分（比值比=1.21；95%置信区间[1.19 - 1.24]）、工作动机得分（比值比=1.02；95%置信区间[1.01 - 1.02]）、医院外的专业技能（比值比=1.57；95%置信区间[1.25 - 1.97]）和工作经验（比值比=1.01；95%置信区间[1.00 - 1.02]）经国家校正后，可预测33%的高职业认可率。该研究强调需要有针对性的干预措施，以改善护理行业的职业和公众形象，同时解决各国之间职业认可的差异问题。建议开展纵向研究，以监测公众认知和护士职业认可的变化情况。
