Tang Qingqin, Zhang Yanqiu, Zhou Tong, Guo Zhiyi, Hu Mengyuan, Jin Jieyu, Feng Bin, Cao Jun, Qiao Longwei, Liang Yuting
Center for Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China.
Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine Hefei 230022, Anhui, China.
Am J Transl Res. 2025 Mar 15;17(3):2112-2123. doi: 10.62347/PYXC6104. eCollection 2025.
Asthma is a common chronic respiratory disease, affecting 5-10% of the global population. Despite its widespread impact, underdiagnosis remains a significant concern. This study aimed to explore the diagnostic potential of interleukin 18 receptor 1 (IL-18R1) and its relationship to immune cell infiltration in asthma.
We retrospectively collected clinical and laboratory data of all participants. The expression of serum IL-18R1 in patients with asthma and healthy controls was quantified using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The associations of IL-18R1 with clinical laboratory indicators and the diagnostic efficacy of IL-18R1 for asthma were assessed. Bioinformatic analysis was used to explore the biological function of IL-18R1 in asthma.
Peripheral blood white blood cells (WBC), neutrophils (NE), eosinophils (EO) and serum IL-18R1 were significantly elevated in patients with asthma compared to heathy controls. Patients with high IL-18R1 also had increased blood lymphocytes. The expression of IL-18R1 was associated with diverse immune cell infiltration and inflammatory pathways. Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis revealed a positive relationship between IL-18R1 and asthma. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of the combination of IL-18R1 with WBC was 0.884, with a sensitivity and specificity of 84.8% and 81.8%.
Elevated expression of IL-18R1 is linked to the infiltration of various immune cells and the activation of inflammatory pathways. The combination of IL-18R1 and WBC may be a biomarker with high diagnostic accuracy for asthma.
哮喘是一种常见的慢性呼吸道疾病，影响全球5%-10%的人口。尽管其影响广泛，但诊断不足仍是一个重大问题。本研究旨在探讨白细胞介素18受体1（IL-18R1）的诊断潜力及其与哮喘中免疫细胞浸润的关系。
我们回顾性收集了所有参与者的临床和实验室数据。采用酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）定量哮喘患者和健康对照者血清IL-18R1的表达。评估IL-18R1与临床实验室指标的相关性以及IL-18R1对哮喘诊断的效能。利用生物信息学分析探讨IL-18R1在哮喘中的生物学功能。
与健康对照相比，哮喘患者外周血白细胞（WBC）、中性粒细胞（NE）、嗜酸性粒细胞（EO）和血清IL-18R1显著升高。IL-18R1水平高的患者血液淋巴细胞也增加。IL-18R1的表达与多种免疫细胞浸润和炎症途径相关。孟德尔随机化（MR）分析显示IL-18R1与哮喘呈正相关。IL-18R1与WBC联合检测的受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线下面积为0.884，灵敏度和特异度分别为84.8%和81.8%。
IL-18R1表达升高与多种免疫细胞浸润和炎症途径激活有关。IL-18R1与WBC联合检测可能是一种诊断准确性高的哮喘生物标志物。
