Tian Jiaxin, Zhang Tongyu, Zhang Ruidan, Hao Sijia, Dong Jingyu, Chen Yiyan, Zhou Jinpeng, Tian Yang
Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China.
Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Front Cell Dev Biol. 2025 Mar 28;13:1566921. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2025.1566921. eCollection 2025.
Lactate, as a metabolic product or energy substrate, participates in various neurological processes within the physiological and pathological frameworks of the central nervous system (CNS). The groundbreaking application of multi-omics integration technologies has unveiled a novel role for lactate: lactylation, a unique post-translational modification (PTM) that covalently attaches lactate groups to lysine residues on proteins. This process precisely regulates protein function and gene expression, profoundly influencing the progression of various diseases. The lactylation process is meticulously regulated by a variety of key enzymes and metabolic pathways, forming a dynamic and intricate modification network. In this review, we summarize the key enzymes involved in lactylation, specifically "Writers," "Erasers," and "Readers." Furthermore, we systematically categorize lactylation observed in various cell types within the CNS and investigate its multifaceted roles in pathological processes, including neurodegenerative diseases, brain tumors, and brain injuries. By consolidating the latest research findings in this field, our review aims to highlight the significance of these discoveries for future research and explore their potential for translational applications.
乳酸作为一种代谢产物或能量底物，在中枢神经系统（CNS）的生理和病理框架内参与各种神经过程。多组学整合技术的开创性应用揭示了乳酸的一种新作用：乳酰化，这是一种独特的翻译后修饰（PTM），可将乳酸基团共价连接到蛋白质上的赖氨酸残基。这一过程精确调节蛋白质功能和基因表达，深刻影响各种疾病的进展。乳酰化过程受到多种关键酶和代谢途径的精细调控，形成一个动态而复杂的修饰网络。在本综述中，我们总结了参与乳酰化的关键酶，特别是“写入者”“擦除者”和“读取者”。此外，我们系统地对CNS内各种细胞类型中观察到的乳酰化进行分类，并研究其在病理过程中的多方面作用，包括神经退行性疾病、脑肿瘤和脑损伤。通过整合该领域的最新研究结果，我们的综述旨在强调这些发现对未来研究的重要性，并探索其转化应用的潜力。
