Grzywa Patryk, Maximenko Alexey, Abdelrahman Romisaa, Wróbel Paweł, Baran Filip, Samek Lucyna
Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Krakow, Krakow, 30-059, Poland.
SOLARIS National Synchrotron Radiation Centre Jagiellonian University, Kraków, 30-392, Poland.
Sci Rep. 2025 Apr 14;15(1):12794. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-95889-9.
Airborne fine particulate matter (PM) pollution decreased during last decade in Krakow, Poland. X-Ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (XANES) technique at ASTRA beamline of SOLARIS Synchrotron (Krakow, Poland) has been used to study of 8 aerosol samples (PM) collected in Krakow during summer and winter 2018/2019 and 2020/2021 at K absorption edges of sulphur, chlorine, potassium, iron and zinc. Samples of PM collected in summer contain sulphur mostly as sulphates. On the other hand, samples collected in winter additionally contain bisulphates, sulphides and organic sulphur. KHSO and KSO are the primary contributors to potassium pollution in winter. Iron phases of Fe and Fe oxidation states (FeSO, FeO and FeOOH) are present in the samples of PM. Main zinc containing phases present in PM samples are ZnSO ZnS and ZnO. Such advanced unique technique as XANES applied for PM research can be useful for preparing a program reducing the air pollution level of the city. The study also has a broad aspect, it helps to clarify the kind of chemical compounds present in particulate matter.
过去十年间，波兰克拉科夫市的空气中细颗粒物（PM）污染有所下降。位于波兰克拉科夫市的索拉里斯同步加速器的阿斯特拉光束线采用X射线吸收近边结构（XANES）技术，对2018/2019年和2020/2021年夏季及冬季在克拉科夫采集的8个气溶胶样本（PM）进行了研究，研究涉及硫、氯、钾、铁和锌的K吸收边。夏季采集的PM样本中，硫主要以硫酸盐形式存在。另一方面，冬季采集的样本中还含有亚硫酸氢盐、硫化物和有机硫。KHSO₄和K₂SO₄是冬季钾污染的主要来源。PM样本中存在Fe²⁺和Fe³⁺氧化态的铁相（FeSO₄、FeO和FeOOH）。PM样本中主要的含锌相为ZnSO₄、ZnS和ZnO。像XANES这样应用于PM研究的先进独特技术，可有助于制定降低城市空气污染水平的方案。该研究还具有广泛意义，有助于厘清颗粒物中存在的化合物种类。
