Durán-Galea Ángela, Ramiro-Alcobendas José-Luis, Duque-Carrasco FrancisoJavier, Nicolás-Barceló Paloma, Cristóbal-Verdejo José-Ignacio, Ruíz-Tapia Patricia, Barrera-Chacón Rafael, Marcos Carlos F
Hospital Clínico Veterinario de la Uex, Avenue Universidad nn. 10003 Cáceres. Spain.
Departamento de Medicina Animal de la UEx, Avenue Universidad nn. 10003 Cáceres. Spain.
Vet Anim Sci. 2025 Mar 5;28:100440. doi: 10.1016/j.vas.2025.100440. eCollection 2025 Jun.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major complication and the leading cause of mortality in canine leishmaniasis (CanL). The kidneys are essential for numerous metabolic processes, and specific metabolites may serve as predictive biomarkers of kidney function. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a prominent analytical tool in metabolomics, capable of identifying metabolites in urine. This study aim to identify distinct patterns in the NMR spectra of urine samples from dogs with CKD in CanL, reflecting the underlying metabolic profiles Fifty-five dogs were divided into three groups: 14 healthy control dogs (CG), 33 dogs with CKD secondary to leishmaniasis, and 8 dogs with CKD unrelated to leishmaniasis. CanL dogs were classified according to the International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) staging system: stage 1 (15 dogs), stage 2 (10 dogs), stage 3 (6 dogs), and stage 4 (2 dogs); and by LeishVet guidelines: stage I (5 dogs), stage II (4 dogs), stage III (14 dogs), and stage IV (10 dogs). Among dogs with CKD alone, one dog was in IRIS stage 1, two in stage 2, one in stage 3, and four in stage 4. Low-field proton nuclear magnetic resonance (H NMR) spectroscopy and multivariate analysis were used to classify urine samples. Statistical analysis was conducted on hematology, urine and plasma samples from studied dogs. Using H NMR spectroscopy to classify urine samples from dogs with CKD, both with and without leishmaniasis, revealed distinct spectral patterns between the different groups. In conclusion, low-field H NMR spectroscopy demonstrated that CKD presents a distinct metabolic profile compared to kidney damage secondary to leishmaniasis.
慢性肾脏病（CKD）是犬利什曼病（CanL）的主要并发症和死亡的主要原因。肾脏对众多代谢过程至关重要，特定代谢物可能作为肾功能的预测生物标志物。核磁共振（NMR）光谱法是代谢组学中的一种重要分析工具，能够识别尿液中的代谢物。本研究旨在确定CanL中患有CKD的犬只尿液样本的NMR光谱中的不同模式，以反映潜在的代谢谱。55只犬被分为三组：14只健康对照犬（CG）、33只继发于利什曼病的CKD犬和8只与利什曼病无关的CKD犬。CanL犬根据国际肾脏利益协会（IRIS）分期系统进行分类：1期（15只犬）、2期（10只犬）、3期（6只犬）和4期（2只犬）；并根据LeishVet指南进行分类：I期（5只犬）、II期（4只犬）、III期（14只犬）和IV期（10只犬）。仅患有CKD的犬中，1只处于IRIS 1期，2只处于2期，1只处于3期，4只处于4期。使用低场质子核磁共振（H NMR）光谱法和多变量分析对尿液样本进行分类。对研究犬的血液学、尿液和血浆样本进行了统计分析。使用H NMR光谱法对患有和未患有利什曼病的CKD犬的尿液样本进行分类，结果显示不同组之间存在明显的光谱模式。总之，低场H NMR光谱法表明，与利什曼病继发的肾损伤相比，CKD呈现出独特的代谢谱。
