Leong Andrea, Pillidge Christopher, Gill Harsharn
School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia.
Foods. 2025 Mar 11;14(6):960. doi: 10.3390/foods14060960.
Human milk (HM) provides maximum health benefits for infants. This is due in part to the activity of its minor components, including HM proteins and oligosaccharides (HMOs). Where HM is unavailable, infant formulas (IFs) are normally used, the two most common types being cow milk- and goat milk-based formulas (CIF and GIF). The aim of this study was to compare the antioxidant properties of HM, CIF and GIF, together with those of their respective oligosaccharides (HMOs, CMOs and GMOs), using in vitro model systems. The ability of these oligosaccharides to attenuate inflammation (expression of IL-1α, TNFα, IL-6 and IL-8) was also assessed using a U937 cell culture model. Results showed that GIF and GMOs exhibited the highest antioxidant potential. The iron-reducing and iron-chelating properties of both IFs were comparable to those for HM, while the iron-chelating ability of the CMOs was lowest. None of the oligosaccharides significantly reduced U937 cytokine expression following induction of inflammation; however, GMOs consistently reduced expression of IL-1α, TNFα and IL-6 to a greater extent than the other oligosaccharides, presumably by competitive binding to immune receptors. In conclusion, GMOs have a greater antioxidant potential than CMOs and may have some inflammation-attenuating ability as well.
母乳（HM）为婴儿提供了最大的健康益处。这部分归因于其微量成分的活性，包括母乳蛋白质和低聚糖（HMOs）。在无法获得母乳的情况下，通常会使用婴儿配方奶粉（IFs），最常见的两种类型是以牛奶和山羊奶为基础的配方奶粉（CIF和GIF）。本研究的目的是使用体外模型系统比较母乳、CIF和GIF及其各自低聚糖（HMOs、CMOs和GMOs）的抗氧化特性。还使用U937细胞培养模型评估了这些低聚糖减轻炎症（IL-1α、TNFα、IL-6和IL-8的表达）的能力。结果表明，GIF和GMOs表现出最高的抗氧化潜力。两种配方奶粉的还原铁和螯合铁特性与母乳相当，而CMOs的螯合铁能力最低。在炎症诱导后，没有一种低聚糖能显著降低U937细胞因子的表达；然而，GMOs比其他低聚糖更能持续降低IL-1α、TNFα和IL-6的表达，可能是通过与免疫受体的竞争性结合。总之，GMOs比CMOs具有更大的抗氧化潜力，并且可能也具有一定的减轻炎症的能力。
