Dai Shuge, Yang Chenke, Wang Ye, Jiang Yunrui, Zeng Longhui
Key Laboratory of Material Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China.
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093, USA.
Adv Sci (Weinh). 2025 May;12(19):e2500513. doi: 10.1002/advs.202500513. Epub 2025 Apr 15.
Tunnel-structured materials have garnered significant attention as promising candidates for high-performance rechargeable batteries, owing to their unique structural characteristics that facilitate efficient ionic transport. However, understanding the dynamic processes of ionic transport within these tunnels is crucial for their further development and performance optimization. Analytical in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has demonstrated its effectiveness as a powerful tool for visualizing the complex ionic transport processes in real time. In this review, we summarize the state-of-the-art in situ tracking of ionic transport processes in tunnel-structured materials for alkali metal-ion batteries (AMIBs) by TEM observation at the atomic scale, elucidating the fundamental issues pertaining to phase transformations, structural evolution, interfacial reactions and degradation mechanisms. This review covers a wide range of electrode and electrolyte materials used in AMIBs, highlighting the versatility and general applicability of in situ TEM as a powerful tool for elucidating the fundamental mechanisms underlying the performance of AMIBs. Furthermore, this work critically discusses current challenges and future research directions, offering perspectives on the development of next-generation battery materials through advanced in situ characterization techniques.
隧道结构材料因其独特的结构特性有利于高效离子传输，作为高性能可充电电池的有潜力候选材料已受到广泛关注。然而，了解这些隧道内离子传输的动态过程对于其进一步发展和性能优化至关重要。分析型原位透射电子显微镜（TEM）已证明其作为实时可视化复杂离子传输过程的强大工具的有效性。在本综述中，我们总结了通过原子尺度的TEM观察对碱金属离子电池（AMIBs）中隧道结构材料的离子传输过程进行的最新原位跟踪，阐明了与相变、结构演变、界面反应和降解机制相关的基本问题。本综述涵盖了AMIBs中使用的广泛电极和电解质材料，强调了原位TEM作为阐明AMIBs性能基本机制的强大工具的通用性和普遍适用性。此外，这项工作批判性地讨论了当前的挑战和未来的研究方向，通过先进的原位表征技术为下一代电池材料的发展提供了展望。
