Joint remodelling and the evolution of the human hand.

A funtional morphological study has been made of the joints of the primate hand, particular emphasis being placed upon the carpometacarpal and metacarpophalangeal joints. The presumptive evolutionary history of these joints has been charted by reference to a comparative series of mammals. It has been demonstrated that the human joints have been quite strikingly modified in a number of ways, and that these evolutionary changes may be logically correlated with the refined functional attributes of the human hand. The morphological background thus established has been applied in a preliminary study of the hand bones of various fossil hominids.