Krayem Najeh, Jribi Farah, Alonazi Mona, Amina Musarat, Horchani Habib, Karray Aida, Cherif Slim, Ben Bacha Abir
Laboratory of Biochemistry and Enzymatic Engineering of Lipases, ENIS, University of Sfax, Soukra Road, BP1171, Sfax 3038, Tunisia.
Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia.
Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand). 2025 Apr 15;71(3):88-100. doi: 10.14715/cmb/2025.71.3.11.
This study highlights the potential of plant extracts as sustainable and cost-effective alternatives to traditional anti-inflammatory drugs, owing to their rich bioactive compounds. The chemical composition and biological activities of ethanolic extracts from Artemisia campestris, Haloxylon articulatum, and Retama raetam were investigated. Extraction yields ranged from 2.94% to 6.84%, with A. campestris showing the highest phenolic content (85.59 ± 2.4 mg GAE/g) and R. raetam having the highest flavonoid concentration (34.77 ± 3.09 mg CE/g). HPLC analysis identified therapeutic phenolic and flavonoid compounds, including sinapic, quinic, and caffeic acids in A. campestris, p-coumaric acid in H. articulatum, and salicylic acid in R. raetam. Antimicrobial tests revealed that Gram-positive bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus were sensitive to the extracts, though Gram-negative strains were unaffected. Antifungal activity was limited, with only H. articulatum showing inhibition of Rhizoctonia solani. Strong antioxidant activities were noted, particularly in H. articulatum and R. raetam extracts (IC50 = 130 µg/mL). In anti-inflammatory assays, all extracts exhibited dose-dependent inhibition of enzymes linked to inflammation, including COX-1, COX-2, 5-LOX, and sPLA2. A. campestris demonstrated the most potent inhibition, reaching 100% inhibition of sPLA2 at 200 μg/mL, while A. campestris and R. raetam provided significant protection in human red blood cell membrane stabilization assays. These results suggest that these plant extracts have considerable biological potential, especially in enzyme inhibition related to inflammation, making them promising candidates for future therapeutic use.
本研究强调了植物提取物作为传统抗炎药物的可持续且经济高效的替代品的潜力，这归因于其丰富的生物活性化合物。对野艾蒿、盐生假木贼和刺山柑的乙醇提取物的化学成分和生物活性进行了研究。提取率在2.94%至6.84%之间，野艾蒿的酚类含量最高（85.59±2.4毫克没食子酸当量/克），刺山柑的黄酮类浓度最高（34.77±3.09毫克儿茶素当量/克）。高效液相色谱分析鉴定出了具有治疗作用的酚类和黄酮类化合物，包括野艾蒿中的芥子酸、奎尼酸和咖啡酸，盐生假木贼中的对香豆酸，以及刺山柑中的水杨酸。抗菌测试表明，金黄色葡萄球菌和蜡样芽孢杆菌等革兰氏阳性菌对提取物敏感，而革兰氏阴性菌则不受影响。抗真菌活性有限，只有盐生假木贼对立枯丝核菌有抑制作用。观察到了较强的抗氧化活性，尤其是盐生假木贼和刺山柑提取物（半数抑制浓度=130微克/毫升）。在抗炎试验中，所有提取物均对与炎症相关的酶表现出剂量依赖性抑制，包括环氧化酶-1、环氧化酶-2、5-脂氧合酶和分泌型磷脂酶A2。野艾蒿表现出最有效的抑制作用，在200微克/毫升时对分泌型磷脂酶A2的抑制率达到了100%，而野艾蒿和刺山柑在人红细胞膜稳定试验中提供了显著的保护作用。这些结果表明，这些植物提取物具有相当大的生物潜力，尤其是在与炎症相关的酶抑制方面，使其成为未来治疗用途的有前景的候选物。
