Charnogursky Cara E, Gil Ana I, Ecker Lucie, Cornejo Rubelio, Rios Stefano, Ochoa Mayra, Peña Bia, Flores Omar, Jones Angela, Beeri Karen, Chen Huiding, Chen Qingxia, Lanata Claudio F, Howard Leigh M, Grijalva Carlos G
Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
Instituto de Investigación Nutricional, Lima, Peru.
Open Forum Infect Dis. 2025 Mar 20;12(4):ofaf157. doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofaf157. eCollection 2025 Apr.
Peru implemented restrictive social distancing policies during the COVID-19 pandemic. Few studies have examined patterns of nasopharyngeal pneumococcal carriage and related antimicrobial-resistant genes (ARGs), particularly in community-based settings with intense social distancing policies.
Nasopharyngeal swabs were systematically obtained weekly from children and adults enrolled in 2 household-based prospective cohorts in Lima, Peru: prepandemic (2019-2020) and pandemic (2020-2021). Selected samples underwent sequencing-based detection of and related ARGs. We compared detections of pneumococcus and genes between cohorts during the same 7 epidemiologic weeks in 2020 and 2021 while accounting for relevant covariates and household clustering by mixed effects logistic regression models.
An overall 663 specimens from 114 individuals were included: 407 and 256 samples from the prepandemic and pandemic cohorts, respectively. Carriage of pneumococcus was lower in the pandemic cohort (3.5%) as compared with the prepandemic cohort (23.6%; adjusted odds ratio, 0.09; 95% CI, .02-.32). Similarly, gene carriage was lower in the pandemic cohort (28.1%) as compared with the prepandemic cohort (58.7%; adjusted odds ratio, 0.21; 95% CI, .10-.46).
We observed a substantial reduction in the carriage of and related ARGs in community-dwelling individuals during a pandemic period with intense social distancing in Lima, Peru.
在新冠疫情期间，秘鲁实施了严格的社交距离政策。很少有研究调查鼻咽部肺炎球菌携带情况及相关抗菌耐药基因（ARGs），尤其是在实施严格社交距离政策的社区环境中。
每周从秘鲁利马两个以家庭为基础的前瞻性队列中的儿童和成人中系统采集鼻咽拭子：疫情前（2019 - 2020年）和疫情期间（2020 - 2021年）。对选定样本进行基于测序的肺炎球菌及相关ARGs检测。我们在2020年和2021年相同的7个流行病学周期间，通过混合效应逻辑回归模型比较两个队列中肺炎球菌和相关基因的检测情况，同时考虑相关协变量和家庭聚集性。
共纳入来自114名个体的663份标本：疫情前队列407份样本，疫情期间队列256份样本。疫情期间队列中肺炎球菌携带率（3.5%）低于疫情前队列（23.6%；调整比值比，0.09；95%置信区间，0.02 - 0.32）。同样，疫情期间队列中相关基因携带率（28.1%）低于疫情前队列（58.7%；调整比值比，0.21；95%置信区间，0.10 - 0.46）。
在秘鲁利马实施严格社交距离的疫情期间，我们观察到社区居民中肺炎球菌及相关ARGs的携带率大幅下降。
