Big disparities in CH emission patterns from landfills between the United States and China and their behind driving forces.

Waste is the bridge linking resource consumption and greenhouse gas generation, and waste landfills are the main anthropogenic source of methane (CH). The United States (US)-China Joint Glasgow Declaration and the Global Methane Pledge are committed to reducing tractable CH emissions; however, differences between the involved countries as well as their generation forecast processes have hampered cooperation. In this study, we provide a deep insight into CH emissions from municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills and identify the disparities in CH emissions with local socio-economic conditions. The US and China, the world's two largest economies, generated approximately 3.73 and 1.48 million tonnes of CH from 1248 to 1955 landfills in 2012 using the FOD/bottom-up method, with corresponding 26.93 and 11.94 kg per tonne waste and emission value from each landfill ranging between 10 and 10 and 10-10 tonnes. The spatial distribution was also quantified and compared with national, state/province, and urban agglomeration perspectives based on historical MSW variations (1990-2015) to clarify the triangular relationship between the economic situation, waste properties, and landfill CH emissions. High-density CH emission regions spatially overlapped with highly developed urban agglomerations, positively correlated with the local gross domestic product (GDP) and population ( < 0.01), with more emissions generated per thousand US dollars in the US (0.25 tonnes) than in China (0.16 tonnes) The US tertiary industry and China's secondary industry contributed to high CH emissions from the waste sector. The increase in tertiary industry might reduce the waste sector's CH emissions. This study will help to understand this new triangular relationship and predict future patterns of CH emissions.