Jia Jia, Zhao Shuang, Zhao Jinghan, Gao Yun
Department of Neurological Function Examination, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
Endoscopy Center, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
Front Pharmacol. 2025 Apr 3;16:1510798. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2025.1510798. eCollection 2025.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common diseases characterized by neurodegeneration and is becoming a major public health problem worldwide. AD is manifested mainly by progressive impairments in cognition, emotion, language and memory in the elderly population. Many treatment strategies have been explored for decades; however, there is still no effective way to address the root cause of AD pathogenesis, only to target symptoms to improve patient cognitive outcomes. Intracerebral administration is difficult because of the challenges posed by the blood‒brain barrier (BBB). NPs are materials with sizes between 1 and 100 nm that can improve biocompatibility, extend the half-life, transport macromolecules, be delivered across the BBB to the central nervous system, and exhibit good targeting capabilities. NPs can provide new ideas for the treatment of AD in terms of their antiaging, antineuroinflammatory, antioxidative, and nerve repair-promoting effects. In this manuscript, we first describe the relationship between AD and the BBB. Second, we introduce the application of nanoparticles for AD treatment. Finally, we summarize the challenges faced by nanoparticles in the treatment of AD.
阿尔茨海默病（AD）是最常见的以神经退行性变特征的疾病之一，正成为全球主要的公共卫生问题。AD主要表现为老年人群体在认知、情感、语言和记忆方面的进行性损害。几十年来人们探索了许多治疗策略；然而，仍然没有有效的方法来解决AD发病机制的根本原因，只能针对症状来改善患者的认知结果。由于血脑屏障（BBB）带来的挑战，脑内给药很困难。纳米颗粒（NPs）是尺寸在1到100纳米之间的材料，可提高生物相容性、延长半衰期、运输大分子、穿过血脑屏障递送至中枢神经系统，并具有良好的靶向能力。NPs在抗衰老、抗神经炎症、抗氧化和促进神经修复方面的作用可为AD的治疗提供新思路。在本手稿中，我们首先描述AD与血脑屏障之间的关系。其次，我们介绍纳米颗粒在AD治疗中的应用。最后，我们总结纳米颗粒在AD治疗中面临的挑战。
