Yu Jieting, Li Le, Kraithong Supaluck, Zou Lingshan, Zhang Xiaoyong, Huang Riming
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China.
Food Res Int. 2025 May;209:116328. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2025.116328. Epub 2025 Apr 3.
This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the biosynthetic pathways of various oligosaccharides in Escherichia coli, structural characteristics, and bioactive mechanisms of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), with a particular emphasis on their roles in gut health, immune modulation, and neurodevelopment. HMOs primarily function as prebiotics, facilitating the growth of beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacterium to maintain microbial homeostasis, with a discussion on the synergistic role of carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs). In immune modulation, HMOs interact with lectins on immune and epithelial cells, influencing immune responses via pathways such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Additionally, HMOs have been linked to enhanced cognitive, motor, and language development in infants, influencing genes such as GABRB2, SLC1A7, GLRA4, and CHRM3. The review also examines commercially available HMO-containing products and highlights future research directions and potential applications in nutrition and healthcare.
本综述全面分析了大肠杆菌中各种寡糖的生物合成途径、人乳寡糖（HMOs）的结构特征和生物活性机制，特别强调了它们在肠道健康、免疫调节和神经发育中的作用。HMOs主要作为益生元发挥作用，促进双歧杆菌等有益细菌的生长以维持微生物稳态，并讨论了碳水化合物结合模块（CBMs）的协同作用。在免疫调节方面，HMOs与免疫细胞和上皮细胞上的凝集素相互作用，通过Toll样受体（TLRs）等途径影响免疫反应。此外，HMOs与婴儿认知、运动和语言发育的增强有关，影响GABRB2、SLC1A7、GLRA4和CHRM3等基因。该综述还研究了市售含HMO的产品，并强调了未来的研究方向以及在营养和医疗保健中的潜在应用。
