医学教育中指导关系对职业身份形成的影响：一项系统综述。

The impact of mentoring relationships on professional identity formation in medical education: a systematic review.

作者信息

Krishna Lalit Kumar Radha, Ravindran Nila, Kwok Hannah Yi Fang, Tan Xuan Yu, Soh Jasper, Leong Elizabeth Yong Mei, Wan Darius Wei Jun, Low Tiat Yan, Chan Aiden Wei-Jun, Lim Nicholas Chong Jin, Ng Yen Kit, Thenpandiyan Arthena Anushka, Leong Jun Rey, Lim Adele Yi Dawn, Quah Elaine Li Ying, Tse Leia Ning, Pl Sriram, Rajanala Sri Priyanka, Lua Jun Kiat, Rajalingam Varsha, Fam Victoria Jia En, Govindasamy Ranitha, AbdulHamid Nur Amira Binte, Lim Crystal, Ong Eng Koon, Sim Shin Wei, Mason Stephen, Ong Simon Yew Kuang

机构信息

Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.

Centre for Biomedical Ethics, National University of Singapore, Block MD11, 10 Medical Drive, #02- 03, Singapore, 117597, Singapore.

出版信息

BMC Med Educ. 2025 Apr 19;25(1):576. doi: 10.1186/s12909-025-07158-y.

DOI:10.1186/s12909-025-07158-y

PMID:40253352

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12008893/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

The promise that enduring and personalised mentoring relationships shape how mentees think, feel and act as professionals, or their professional identity formation (PIF), and thus how they interact, care and support patients and families has garnered significant interest. However, efforts to marshall these elements have been limited due to a lack of effective understanding. To address this lacunae, a systematic scoping review was carried out to map current knowledge on mentoring relationships and its impact on PIF.

METHODS

Guided by PRISMA guidelines and the Systematic Evidence-Based Approach (SEBA) to ensure a consistent and reproducible review, independent searches and appraisals of relevant articles published between 1st January 2000 and 4th December 2024 on PubMed, Embase, ERIC and Scopus databases were performed. Data from included articles were content and thematically analysed. Related themes and categories were combined using the SEBA methodology.

RESULTS

248 articles were identified across four databases and snowballing of key articles. A total of 27 articles were included. The domains identified were: (1) the mentoring ecosystem; (2) mentoring dynamics; (3) shifts in belief systems and professional identity; and (4) complex adaptive systems.

CONCLUSIONS

The mentoring programme can be seen as a mentoring ecosystem, functioning as a community of practice and supporting the socialisation process within its boundaries and along the mentoring trajectory. The culture and structure of the mentoring ecosystem help inculcate the shared belief systems and programme identity. It also nurtures stakeholder investment and commitment, as well as their internal compass which is key to contending with the complex array of influences upon their development. Through the lens of a complex adaptive system, it is also possible to appreciate transitions between roles and responsibilities and the notion of being and becoming. These findings underline the evolving nature of practice and the need for personalised and longitudinal mentoring support.

摘要

背景

持久且个性化的指导关系能够塑造 mentees 的思维、情感和职业行为方式，即他们的职业身份形成（PIF），进而影响他们与患者及家属的互动、关怀和支持方式，这一观点引发了广泛关注。然而，由于缺乏有效的理解，整合这些要素的努力受到了限制。为填补这一空白，我们进行了一项系统的范围综述，以梳理关于指导关系及其对 PIF 影响的现有知识。

方法

在 PRISMA 指南和基于证据的系统方法（SEBA）的指导下，为确保综述的一致性和可重复性，我们对 2000 年 1 月 1 日至 2024 年 12 月 4 日期间在 PubMed、Embase、ERIC 和 Scopus 数据库上发表的相关文章进行了独立检索和评估。对纳入文章的数据进行了内容分析和主题分析。使用 SEBA 方法对相关主题和类别进行了整合。

结果

通过四个数据库检索及关键文章的滚雪球式搜索，共识别出 248 篇文章。最终纳入 27 篇文章。确定的领域包括：（1）指导生态系统；（2）指导动态；（3）信念系统和职业身份的转变；（4）复杂适应系统。

结论

指导计划可被视为一个指导生态系统，作为一个实践社区发挥作用，并在其范围内及指导轨迹上支持社会化过程。指导生态系统的文化和结构有助于灌输共同的信念系统和计划身份。它还培养利益相关者的投入和承诺，以及他们的内在指南针，这是应对影响其发展的复杂因素的关键。从复杂适应系统的角度来看，也能够理解角色和责任之间的转变以及存在与成为的概念。这些发现强调了实践的不断演变性质以及对个性化和纵向指导支持的需求。