指导、监督、辅导、教学在职业认同形成中的作用：系统范围综述。
The role of mentoring, supervision, coaching, teaching and instruction on professional identity formation: a systematic scoping review.
机构信息
Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 11, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.
Division of Palliative and Supportive Care, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Crescent, Singapore, 16961, Singapore.
出版信息
BMC Med Educ. 2022 Jul 8;22(1):531. doi: 10.1186/s12909-022-03589-z.
BACKGROUND
Mentoring's pivotal role in nurturing professional identity formation (PIF) owes much to its combined use with supervision, coaching, tutoring, instruction, and teaching. However the effects of this combination called the 'mentoring umbrella' remains poorly understood. This systematic scoping review thus aims to map current understanding.
METHODS
A Systematic Evidence-Based Approach guided systematic scoping review seeks to map current understanding of the 'mentoring umbrella' and its effects on PIF on medical students and physicians in training. It is hoped that insights provided will guide structuring, support and oversight of the 'mentoring umbrella' in nurturing PIF. Articles published between 2000 and 2021 in PubMed, Scopus, ERIC and the Cochrane databases were scrutinised. The included articles were concurrently summarised and tabulated and concurrently analysed using content and thematic analysis and tabulated. The themes and categories identified were compared with the summaries of the included articles to create accountable and reproducible domains that guide the discussion.
RESULTS
A total of 12201 abstracts were reviewed, 657 full text articles evaluated, and 207 articles included. The three domains identified were definitions; impact on PIF; and enablers and barriers. The mentoring umbrella shapes PIF in 3 stages and builds a cognitive base of essential knowledge, skills and professional attitudes. The cognitive base informs thinking, conduct and opinions in early supervised clinical exposure in Communities of practice (COP). The COPs' individualised approach to the inculcation of desired professional characteristics, goals, values, principles and beliefs reshapes the individual's identity whilst the socialisation process sees to their integration into current identities.
CONCLUSION
The mentoring umbrella's provides personalised longitudinal support in the COP and socialisation process. Understanding it is key to addressing difficulties faced and ensuring holistic and timely support.
背景
指导在培养专业身份认同（PIF）方面起着关键作用，这在很大程度上要归功于它与监督、辅导、辅导、指导和教学的结合使用。然而，这种被称为“指导伞”的组合的效果仍知之甚少。因此，这项系统的范围界定综述旨在绘制当前的理解。
方法
系统的循证方法指导系统范围界定综述旨在绘制当前对医学生和受训医生的“指导伞”及其对 PIF 的影响的理解。希望提供的见解将指导“指导伞”在培养 PIF 中的结构、支持和监督。在 PubMed、Scopus、ERIC 和 Cochrane 数据库中搜索了 2000 年至 2021 年期间发表的文章。对纳入的文章进行了同时总结和制表，并使用内容和主题分析进行了同时分析。使用内容和主题分析同时分析并制表确定的主题和类别与纳入文章的摘要进行了比较，以创建指导讨论的可解释和可复制的领域。
结果
共审查了 12201 篇摘要，评估了 657 篇全文文章，并纳入了 207 篇文章。确定的三个领域是定义；对 PIF 的影响；以及促进者和障碍。指导伞在三个阶段塑造 PIF，并建立了一个必要知识、技能和专业态度的认知基础。认知基础为实践社区（COP）中的早期监督临床暴露提供思考、行为和意见的信息。COPs 对所需专业特征、目标、价值观、原则和信念的个体化灌输重塑了个人的身份，而社会化过程则将他们融入当前的身份。
结论
指导伞在 COP 和社会化过程中提供个性化的纵向支持。理解它是解决所面临的困难并确保全面和及时支持的关键。
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