Comparative Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors and Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review.

This systematic review evaluates the cardiovascular and renal outcomes associated with sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists in patients with type 2 diabetes, focusing on findings from randomized controlled trials. A comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library, adhering to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Seven high-quality trials met the inclusion criteria, with a combined focus on major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), heart failure hospitalizations, all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, and renal function decline. SGLT2 inhibitors demonstrated superior efficacy in reducing heart failure and renal outcomes, while GLP-1 receptor agonists were more effective in preventing MACE and improving glycemic control. Combination therapy showed potential additive benefits, particularly in improving myocardial and arterial function. The findings highlight the complementary roles of these drug classes, underscoring the importance of personalized therapy based on individual patient profiles. Further research, including long-term head-to-head trials, is warranted to validate these results and optimize treatment strategies.