Xing Aizhen, Hengudomsub Pornpat, Ponpinij Panicha
Faculty of Nursing, Burapha University, Chon Buri, 20131, Thailand.
Belitung Nurs J. 2025 Apr 19;11(2):163-171. doi: 10.33546/bnj.3695. eCollection 2025.
Preoperative anxiety is a significant concern for patients undergoing surgery, as it can lead to adverse effects such as increased postoperative pain, delayed wound healing, prolonged hospital stays, higher incidences of postoperative complications, and even mortality. Preoperative anxiety is particularly common in patients undergoing cardiac surgery, but it is often overlooked and warrants further investigation.
This study aimed to explore preoperative anxiety and its predictors, including fear of surgery, preoperative sleep quality, perception of illness severity, and perceived social support among adult patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery.
A cross-sectional study was conducted with 142 adult patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery using simple random sampling. Data were collected from patients in the Class III Grade A general hospital in Wenzhou, China, between October 2023 and March 2024. Questionnaires were used to gather information about patients' demographic characteristics, fear of surgery, preoperative sleep quality, perception of illness severity, perceived social support, and preoperative anxiety. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression were employed for data analysis.
The total score for preoperative anxiety was 15.98 ± 4.95. Fear of surgery, preoperative sleep quality, perception of illness severity, and perceived social support explained 37.3% of the variance in preoperative anxiety ( = 0.373, = 26.77, <0.05). Fear of surgery was the strongest predictor ( = 0.539, <0.001), followed by preoperative sleep quality ( = -0.166, <0.05) and perceived social support ( = -0.138, <0.05). Perception of illness severity was not a significant predictor of preoperative anxiety.
Preoperative anxiety in adult patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery is significantly influenced by factors such as fear of surgery, preoperative sleep quality, and perceived social support. Nurses can implement targeted interventions to reduce preoperative anxiety. These interventions may include addressing the fear of surgery through health education and psychological counseling. Furthermore, improving the hospital environment to promote a calm and quiet atmosphere can enhance sleep quality. Encouraging social support to help patients build confidence in the success of their surgery and their ability to recover is also recommended.
术前焦虑是手术患者的一个重要问题，因为它可能导致诸如术后疼痛加剧、伤口愈合延迟、住院时间延长、术后并发症发生率升高甚至死亡等不良影响。术前焦虑在心脏手术患者中尤为常见，但往往被忽视，值得进一步研究。
本研究旨在探讨择期心脏手术成年患者的术前焦虑及其预测因素，包括对手术的恐惧、术前睡眠质量、疾病严重程度感知和感知社会支持。
采用简单随机抽样对142例择期心脏手术成年患者进行横断面研究。于2023年10月至2024年3月在中国温州的三级甲等综合医院收集患者数据。使用问卷收集患者的人口统计学特征、对手术的恐惧、术前睡眠质量、疾病严重程度感知、感知社会支持和术前焦虑等信息。采用描述性统计、Pearson相关分析和多元线性回归进行数据分析。
术前焦虑总分15.98±4.95。对手术的恐惧、术前睡眠质量、疾病严重程度感知和感知社会支持解释了术前焦虑变异的37.3%（R² = 0.373，F = 26.77，P < 0.05）。对手术的恐惧是最强的预测因素（β = 0.539，P < 0.001），其次是术前睡眠质量（β = -0.166，P < 0.05）和感知社会支持（β = -0.138，P < 0.05）。疾病严重程度感知不是术前焦虑的显著预测因素。
择期心脏手术成年患者的术前焦虑受对手术的恐惧、术前睡眠质量和感知社会支持等因素的显著影响。护士可实施针对性干预措施以减轻术前焦虑。这些干预措施可能包括通过健康教育和心理咨询来解决对手术的恐惧。此外，改善医院环境以营造安静平和的氛围可提高睡眠质量。还建议鼓励社会支持以帮助患者树立对手术成功及康复能力的信心。
