Lee Douglas G
School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
Paris Brain Institute, Paris, France.
PLoS One. 2025 Apr 21;20(4):e0320686. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0320686. eCollection 2025.
Most contemporary decision-making research focuses on choices between only two alternative options, in spite of the fact that most real-world decisions involve more than two options. Beyond this practical point, multi-option decisions are also important from a theoretical perspective. Experimental and computational studies have demonstrated that the composition of a set of choice options has predictable effects on choice outcomes. Specifically, with more options available to choose from, responses are slower and more stochastic. This effect is amplified when the values of the options (including the worst option in the set) are more similar to each other. In this study, we provide further evidence of these known effects. We also provide evidence that metacognitive factors such as feelings of confidence in the response or mental effort exertion during deliberation show similar effects as the cognitive factors (consistency between choices and value estimates, response speed). Finally, we provide novel evidence that value estimates are refined during deliberation for all options in choice triplets, similar to what has previously been show for choice pairs.
尽管大多数现实世界中的决策涉及两个以上的选项,但当代大多数决策研究都只关注在两个备选选项之间进行选择。除了这一实际情况外,多选项决策从理论角度来看也很重要。实验和计算研究表明,一组选择选项的构成对选择结果具有可预测的影响。具体而言,可供选择的选项越多,反应就越慢且越具随机性。当选项的值(包括集合中最差的选项)彼此更相似时,这种影响会被放大。在本研究中,我们为这些已知影响提供了进一步的证据。我们还提供证据表明,元认知因素,如对反应的信心感受或审议过程中的心理努力程度,与认知因素(选择与价值估计之间的一致性、反应速度)表现出相似的影响。最后,我们提供了新的证据,表明在审议过程中,选择三元组中所有选项的价值估计都会得到完善,这与之前在选择二元组中所显示的情况类似。