Burden of Carbon Monoxide Poisoning in Asian Countries From 1990 to 2021 and Its Projection Until 2030: An Analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

BACKGROUND

Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning represents a significant contributor to injury burden across Asia. This study seeks to assess the burden of CO poisoning in Asia from 1990 to 2021 utilizing data from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2021.

METHODS

Data on the burden of CO poisoning across 49 Asian countries were extracted from GBD 2021. The variations in burden were analyzed according to year, gender, location, age, and Socio-Demographic Index (SDI). Analyses included Joinpoint analysis to evaluate temporal trends, the age-period-cohort model to assess disease burden trends, the slope index of inequality and concentration index for assessing health disparities, frontier analysis for estimating potential outcomes based on developmental stages, and the auto-regressive integrated moving average model to predict the disability-adjusted life year (DALY) rates.

RESULTS

During 1990-2021, the age-standardized incidence rate (average annual percent change (AAPC) = -0.83, 95% CI: -0.94 to -0.73), age-standardized mortality rate (AAPC = -2.01, 95% CI: -2.20 to -1.81), and DALY rates (AAPC = -2.39, 95% CI: -2.54 to -2.23) for CO poisoning across Asia declined. In 2021, females experienced a lower burden than males, and countries in higher latitudes bore a greater burden. The burden was more pronounced in extreme age groups, with an elevated cohort risk in the 1967-1971 birth cohort (relative risk (RR) = 1.045, 95% CI: 0.96-1.14). Health inequality analyses showed a reduction in disparities between countries with varying SDI levels. Frontier analysis identified potential improvements in reducing the burden across different countries. However, there was no notable correlation between this burden and SDI levels. The age-standardized disability-adjusted life year rate is predicted to continue declining from 2022 to 2030.

CONCLUSION

This study analyzes the burden of CO poisoning in Asia, revealing a decline from 1990 to 2021, with variations across countries and higher burdens in males and extreme age groups. It suggests a reduction in health inequalities and forecasts a continued decline in the burden by 2030.