Du Wei, Zou Zhen-Ping, Ye Bang-Ce, Zhou Ying
Laboratory of Biosystems and Microanalysis, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
Gut Microbes. 2025 Dec;17(1):2494703. doi: 10.1080/19490976.2025.2494703. Epub 2025 Apr 22.
Excessive intake of dietary fats is strongly associated with an increased risk of various chronic diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, hepatic metabolic disorders, cardiovascular disease, chronic intestinal inflammation, and certain cancers. A significant portion of the adverse effects of high-fat diet on disease risk is mediated through modifications in the gut microbiota. Specifically, high-fat diets are linked to reduced microbial diversity, an overgrowth of gram-negative bacteria, an elevated -to- ratio, and alterations at various taxonomic levels. These microbial alterations influence the intestinal metabolism of small molecules, which subsequently increases intestinal permeability, exacerbates inflammatory responses, disrupts metabolic functions, and impairs signal transduction pathways in the host. Consequently, diet-induced changes in the gut microbiota play a crucial role in the initiation and progression of chronic diseases. This review explores the relationship between high-fat diets and gut microbiota, highlighting their roles and underlying mechanisms in the development of chronic metabolic diseases. Additionally, we propose probiotic interventions may serve as a promising adjunctive therapy to counteract the negative effects of high-fat diet-induced alterations in gut microbiota composition.
膳食脂肪摄入过多与多种慢性疾病风险增加密切相关，如肥胖、糖尿病、肝脏代谢紊乱、心血管疾病、慢性肠道炎症和某些癌症。高脂饮食对疾病风险的很大一部分不良影响是通过肠道微生物群的改变介导的。具体而言，高脂饮食与微生物多样性降低、革兰氏阴性菌过度生长、 升高、以及不同分类水平的改变有关。这些微生物改变影响小分子的肠道代谢，进而增加肠道通透性、加剧炎症反应、扰乱代谢功能并损害宿主中的信号转导途径。因此，饮食引起的肠道微生物群变化在慢性疾病的发生和发展中起关键作用。本综述探讨了高脂饮食与肠道微生物群之间的关系，强调了它们在慢性代谢疾病发展中的作用和潜在机制。此外，我们提出益生菌干预可能是一种有前景的辅助疗法，以抵消高脂饮食引起的肠道微生物群组成改变的负面影响。
