Yao Huan, Wang Hu, Li Tao, Feng Xia, Liu Dan, Zhang Yingyue, Li Minling, Xiao Gui
Department of Nursing, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China.
Emergency Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
BMC Public Health. 2025 Apr 22;25(1):1481. doi: 10.1186/s12889-025-22793-2.
Frailty is an age-related condition characterized by vulnerability to adverse health outcomes. Adequate sleep may reduce frailty risk, many individuals rely on weekend catch-up sleep (WCS) to offset weekday deficits. However, the relationship between WCS and frailty remains poorly understood. This study aims to clarify the association between WCS and frailty.
We conducted secondary data analyses using data from 7714 adult participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 2017-2020). Sleep duration was assessed through self-reported questions, while frailty was evaluated using the frailty index. WCS duration was then computed as the difference between weekend and weekday sleep durations, with WCS defined as WCS duration ≤ 0 h, 0-2 h, or ≥ 2 h. A frailty index of 0.25 or greater is considered frailty. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to explore the association between WCS and frailty.
In fully adjusted models, participants with 0-2 h of WCS had significantly lower odds of frailty (OR 0.709; 95% CI, 0.518-0.969; P = 0.035) compared to those with no WCS (≤ 0 h). However, the association was not significant for those with ≥ 2 h of WCS (OR 0.812; 95% CI, 0.550-1.200; P = 0.248). Subgroup analyses indicated no significant interaction across subgroups (P for interaction > 0.05).
The cross-sectional design limits our ability to infer causality, and the reliance on self-reported sleep data may introduce measurement bias. Additionally, the frailty index, while validated, may not capture all dimensions of frailty. Future longitudinal studies with objective sleep measurements are needed to confirm these findings.
Our findings suggest that moderate WCS (0-2 h) may be associated with a lower prevalence of frailty, although the relationship is not linear and requires further investigation. These findings contribute to the emerging evidence base linking sleep patterns with frailty risk, warranting further prospective investigation.
衰弱是一种与年龄相关的状况，其特征是易出现不良健康后果。充足的睡眠可能会降低衰弱风险，许多人依靠周末补觉（WCS）来弥补工作日的睡眠不足。然而，WCS与衰弱之间的关系仍知之甚少。本研究旨在阐明WCS与衰弱之间的关联。
我们使用了美国国家健康与营养检查调查（2017 - 2020年NHANES）中7714名成年参与者的数据进行二次数据分析。通过自我报告的问题评估睡眠时间，而使用衰弱指数评估衰弱情况。然后将WCS时长计算为周末和工作日睡眠时间的差值，WCS定义为WCS时长≤0小时、0 - 2小时或≥2小时。衰弱指数为0.25或更高被视为衰弱。进行多变量逻辑回归分析以探讨WCS与衰弱之间的关联。
在完全调整模型中，与无WCS（≤0小时）的参与者相比，WCS时长为0 - 2小时的参与者衰弱几率显著更低（OR = 0.709；95%置信区间，0.518 - 0.969；P = 0.035）。然而，对于WCS时长≥2小时的参与者，这种关联并不显著（OR = 0.812；95%置信区间，0.550 - 1.200；P = 0.248）。亚组分析表明各亚组之间无显著交互作用（交互作用P>0.05）。
横断面设计限制了我们推断因果关系的能力，且对自我报告睡眠数据的依赖可能会引入测量偏差。此外，尽管衰弱指数经过验证，但可能无法涵盖衰弱的所有方面。未来需要进行有客观睡眠测量的纵向研究来证实这些发现。
我们的研究结果表明，适度的WCS（0 - 2小时）可能与较低的衰弱患病率相关，尽管这种关系并非线性，需要进一步研究。这些发现为将睡眠模式与衰弱风险联系起来的新证据库做出了贡献，值得进一步进行前瞻性研究。
