Muthumalage Thivanka, Sarles Emma, Wang Qixin, Hensel Edward, Hill Thomas, Rahman Irfan, Robinson Risa, Stroup Andrea M, Thongphanh Krista, Miller Lisa A
School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, USA.
NAM J. 2025;1. doi: 10.1016/j.namjnl.2025.100016. Epub 2025 Apr 3.
Approximately 4.6 % of U.S. adults over the age of 18 use e-cigarettes, which are a type of electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS). Over 2.5 million U.S. middle and high school students also use both disposable and/or flavored ENDS products. The health impacts of ENDS use by adults and adolescents are considered a controversial topic in the social media partially due to misperceptions surrounding ENDS toxicity compared to that of combustible cigarettes. There is growing evidence that ENDS, particularly their product composition and design, individual and combined ingredients, and produced aerosols, are toxic to human health. Animal studies have been critical for defining the pathophysiologic outcomes resulting from ENDS use. However, approaches using human cells can measure the potential toxicity of ENDS e-liquids and aerosols on a shorter timeline and are in keeping with recent statements to replace, reduce and refine the use of animals in biomedical research and regulatory decision making. This review examines current research related to cell culture models of the respiratory tract and exposure methodologies for ENDS use and compares known parameters of injury and inflammation associated with ENDS to different systems developed to replicate the inhaled toxicant outcomes. The design and interpretation of exposure methodologies and technological gaps in the evaluation of ENDS aerosols are also discussed. Given the ongoing evolution and popularity of ENDS products, assessments for measuring respiratory tract injury and inflammation resulting from ENDS use provide a critical scientific platform for rapid evaluation of potential inhalation toxicity in tobacco regulatory science.
约4.6%的美国18岁以上成年人使用电子烟，电子烟是一种电子尼古丁传送系统（ENDS）。超过250万美国初高中学生也使用一次性和/或调味ENDS产品。成年人和青少年使用ENDS对健康的影响在社交媒体上是一个有争议的话题，部分原因是与可燃香烟相比，人们对ENDS毒性存在误解。越来越多的证据表明，ENDS，特别是其产品成分和设计、单一和混合成分以及产生的气溶胶，对人体健康有毒性。动物研究对于确定使用ENDS所导致的病理生理结果至关重要。然而，使用人类细胞的方法可以在更短的时间内测量ENDS电子烟液和气溶胶的潜在毒性，并且符合最近关于在生物医学研究和监管决策中替代、减少和优化动物使用的声明。本综述考察了与呼吸道细胞培养模型以及ENDS使用暴露方法相关的当前研究，并将与ENDS相关的已知损伤和炎症参数与为复制吸入性毒物结果而开发的不同系统进行比较。还讨论了暴露方法的设计和解释以及ENDS气溶胶评估中的技术差距。鉴于ENDS产品不断演变且日益流行，对ENDS使用导致的呼吸道损伤和炎症进行测量的评估为烟草监管科学中潜在吸入毒性的快速评估提供了一个关键的科学平台。
