Smart transplants: emerging role of nanotechnology and big data in kidney and islet transplantation, a frontier in precision medicine.

Kidney and islet transplantation has revolutionized the management of renal failure and diabetes. Transplantation is considered as excellent therapeutic intervention for most suitable patients. While advancements in the surgical aspects, immunosuppression and outcomes have potentially plateaued, new technologies have developed which could enhance transplantation with benefits to patients and clinical teams alike. The science of nanotechnology and big data advancements are two such technologies, collectively paving the way for smarter transplantation solutions. Nanotechnology offers novel strategies to overcome critical challenges, including organ preservation, ischemia-reperfusion injury and immune modulation. Innovations such as nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems, biocompatible encapsulation technologies for islet transplants, and implantable artificial kidneys are redefining the standards of care. Meanwhile, big data analytics harness vast datasets to optimize donor-recipient matching, refine predictive models for post-transplant outcomes, and personalize therapeutic regimens. Integrating these technologies forms a synergistic framework where nanotechnology enhances therapeutic precision and big data provides actionable insights, enabling clinicians to adopt proactive, patient-specific strategies. By addressing unmet needs and leveraging the combined potential of nanotechnology and big data, this transformative approach promises to improve graft survival, functionality, and overall patient outcomes, marking a paradigm shift in transplantation medicine. These developments will also be accelerated with integration of the rapidly advancing science of artificial intelligence.