Chigerwe Munashe, Killilea David W, Hardgrove Caitlin N, Mann Uday, Stoller Marshall L, Westropp Jodi L
Department of Veterinary Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA.
Office of Research, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.
Am J Vet Res. 2025 Apr 23;86(7). doi: 10.2460/ajvr.25.01.0011. Print 2025 Jul 1.
To determine the urolith trace elemental profile and the association of these elements with urolith type and animal variables.
This was a cross-sectional study of 165 goat and 50 pig uroliths collected from urinary bladders from January 1, 1982, through December 31, 2020. Urolith mineral composition was determined using polarized light microscopy and infrared spectroscopy. Trace element analysis was determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. The association between animal variables and trace element content was assessed. The strength of grouping effects of the elements within the uroliths was determined by cluster analysis.
Calcium carbonate (74 of 116 [63%]) and apatite (22 of 47 [47%]) were the most commonly identified urolith types in goats and pigs, respectively. The element with the highest concentrations in calcium carbonate uroliths in goats was calcium. Apatite-containing uroliths from pigs had phosphorous as the highest concentration element. Large goat breeds (OR, 1.2; 95% CI, 1.1 to 1.4) and non-pot-bellied pigs had higher odds (OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.2 to 2.0) of detection of trace elements. The combination of barium, calcium, sodium, and strontium in goats defined the most significant dissimilarity (divergence) within the calcium carbonate uroliths. In pigs, boron, potassium, sodium, and strontium combination defined the most significant dissimilarity within the apatite uroliths.
Trace elements in combinations that defined significant dissimilarity among uroliths suggest an association between trace elements and urolith type.
Trace and macroelements should be analyzed in uroliths and feed to optimize dietary recommendations for urolithiasis prevention.
确定尿路结石的微量元素谱，以及这些元素与尿路结石类型和动物变量之间的关联。
这是一项横断面研究，收集了1982年1月1日至2020年12月31日期间从山羊膀胱和猪膀胱中取出的165枚山羊尿路结石和50枚猪尿路结石。使用偏光显微镜和红外光谱法测定尿路结石的矿物质成分。通过电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法进行微量元素分析。评估动物变量与微量元素含量之间的关联。通过聚类分析确定尿路结石中元素分组效应的强度。
碳酸钙（116枚中的74枚[63%]）和磷灰石（47枚中的22枚[47%]）分别是山羊和猪中最常见的尿路结石类型。山羊碳酸钙尿路结石中浓度最高的元素是钙。猪的含磷灰石尿路结石中，磷是浓度最高的元素。大型山羊品种（比值比，1.2；95%置信区间，1.1至1.4）和非大肚猪检测到微量元素的几率更高（比值比，1.6；95%置信区间，1.2至2.0）。山羊中钡、钙、钠和锶的组合定义了碳酸钙尿路结石中最显著的差异（离散度）。在猪中，硼、钾、钠和锶的组合定义了磷灰石尿路结石中最显著的差异。
在尿路结石之间定义了显著差异的微量元素组合表明微量元素与尿路结石类型之间存在关联。
应分析尿路结石和饲料中的微量元素及常量元素，以优化预防尿路结石的饮食建议。
