Madhu Sandhra T, Prabha Rahul D, Varma N K Sapna, Ajith V V
Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Amrita School of Dentistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India.
Contemp Clin Dent. 2025 Jan-Mar;16(1):36-43. doi: 10.4103/ccd.ccd_551_24. Epub 2025 Mar 25.
The assessment of three-dimensional (3D) Grummons analysis of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and computed tomography (CT) using Dolphin Software in comparison to conventional manual tracing technique using two-dimensional (2D) postero-anterior (PA) cephalogram has been evaluated in this study.
Pretreatment records of patients who underwent CBCT ( = 23) or CT ( = 23) scan were collected. 3D Grummons analysis of the CBCT and CT images were performed on Dolphin 11.9. In addition, PA cephalograms were reconstructed from these 3D data and Grummons 2D analysis was performed. The 2D PA cephalograms obtained were then printed on X-ray films for manual tracing. Intrarater correlation coefficient was calculated for assessing the reliability of the values obtained using 3D, 2D, and manual tracings and paired test was used to test the significance of mean values.
The results from the comparison of 3D and 2D data analysis indicated inconsistencies in anteroposterior parameters, particularly evident when CBCT and CT. The results from CBCT measurements showed the highest reliability when comparing 3D with 2D (both digital and manual tracings). Moderate-to-good reliability was found in CT measurements at Co-MSR (right and left), J-MSR right, mx/m and midline deviation, Me-deviation, Co-Ag (right and left) when comparing 3D and 2D methods. Paired -test showed significant difference ( < 0.05) in the measurements comparing between Dolphin 3D and manual using CBCT at Ag-MSR left, Co-MSR (right and left), J-MSR (right and left). Among the CT measurements obtained, Dolphin 3D versus 2D and 2D manual tracing was found to show significant difference in parameters; Co-MSR right, Co-MSR left, J-MSR left, Co-MSR left, Ag-Me right, Ag-Me left Co-Ag right, and L6-MSR left.
The study results prove that the use of a single CBCT minimizes the radiation exposure as well as delivers a more accurate representation of 3D anatomical structures.
本研究评估了使用Dolphin软件对锥形束计算机断层扫描（CBCT）和计算机断层扫描（CT）进行三维（3D）Grummons分析，并与使用二维（2D）后前位（PA）头影测量片的传统手动追踪技术进行比较。
收集接受CBCT（n = 23）或CT（n = 23）扫描患者的治疗前记录。在Dolphin 11.9上对CBCT和CT图像进行3D Grummons分析。此外，从这些3D数据重建PA头影测量片并进行Grummons 2D分析。然后将获得的2D PA头影测量片打印在X线片上进行手动追踪。计算组内相关系数以评估使用3D、2D和手动追踪获得的值的可靠性，并使用配对t检验来检验平均值的显著性。
3D和2D数据分析的比较结果表明，前后参数存在不一致，在CBCT和CT时尤为明显。当比较3D与2D（数字和手动追踪）时，CBCT测量结果显示出最高的可靠性。在比较3D和2D方法时，CT测量在Co-MSR（左右）、J-MSR右侧、mx/m和中线偏差、Me-偏差、Co-Ag（左右）方面发现了中度至良好的可靠性。配对t检验显示，在使用CBCT进行Dolphin 3D与手动测量时，在Ag-MSR左侧、Co-MSR（左右）、J-MSR（左右）的测量中存在显著差异（P < 0.05）。在获得的CT测量中，发现Dolphin 3D与2D以及2D手动追踪在参数上存在显著差异；Co-MSR右侧、Co-MSR左侧、J-MSR左侧、Co-MSR左侧、Ag-Me右侧、Ag-Me左侧、Co-Ag右侧和L6-MSR左侧。
研究结果证明，使用单次CBCT可将辐射暴露降至最低，并能更准确地呈现三维解剖结构。
