Brat Valentina, Bota Aura, Mitrache Georgeta, Teodorescu Silvia
Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, National University of Physical Education and Sports, 060057 Bucharest, Romania.
Sports (Basel). 2025 Apr 17;13(4):125. doi: 10.3390/sports13040125.
Motivation is a crucial factor in maintaining athletic performance and preventing dropout among competitive athletes. This process is influenced by both physical and psychosocial factors, which interact and shape decision-making regarding continued participation or withdrawal from sports.
This study examines the motivational level of competitive swimmers in Romania, related to the dropout perspective.
In order to conduct the research, the AMI (Achievement Motivation Inventory)-a validated psychometric tool was used in two distinct phases, conducted six months apart. The study included N = 20 swimmers, finalists and medalists in national swimming competitions. The intervention consisted of motivational coaching, personalized training plans, and the development of mental skills.
The results highlighted significant improvements in dimensions such as success confidence, compensatory effort, and goal-setting, indicating the positive effects of the intervention on athletes' motivation. Inferential analysis using Student -test confirmed significant differences between the initial and final assessments, for eagerness to learn ( = 0.035), status orientation ( = 0.03) and the Wilcoxon test revealed significant difference for general motivational index ( = 0.020).
The findings underscore the importance of psychological approaches in training high-performance athletes, showing that maintaining motivation and clarifying goals are essential factors in preventing sports dropout. The conclusions of this research can serve as a foundation for developing coaching strategies aimed at supporting continuity in performance swimming and reducing the dropout rate among competitive swimmers. Our findings confirm similar studies emphasizing the role of the training patterns and coach influence not just on the performing athlete, but also on his psychosocial individual development.
动机是维持竞技运动员运动表现和防止其退出的关键因素。这一过程受到身体和心理社会因素的影响，这些因素相互作用并塑造了关于继续参与或退出运动的决策。
本研究从退出的角度考察罗马尼亚竞技游泳运动员的动机水平。
为了进行这项研究，使用了经过验证的心理测量工具AMI（成就动机量表），分两个不同阶段进行，相隔六个月。该研究包括20名国家游泳比赛的决赛选手和奖牌获得者。干预措施包括动机指导、个性化训练计划和心理技能培养。
结果突出显示了成功信心、补偿性努力和目标设定等维度的显著改善，表明干预对运动员动机产生了积极影响。使用学生t检验的推断分析证实了初始评估和最终评估之间在学习热情（p = 0.035）、地位取向（p = 0.03）方面存在显著差异，威尔科克森检验显示一般动机指数存在显著差异（p = 0.020）。
研究结果强调了心理方法在培养高水平运动员中的重要性，表明维持动机和明确目标是防止运动员退出运动的关键因素。本研究的结论可为制定旨在支持竞技游泳持续表现和降低竞技游泳运动员退出率的指导策略提供基础。我们的研究结果证实了类似研究，强调了训练模式和教练影响不仅对表现出色的运动员，而且对其心理社会个人发展的作用。
