Tang Qian, Zhang Minyang, Yu Lili, Deng Kaidong, Mao Huihua, Hu Jingwen, Wang Chuang
College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Jinling Institute of Technology, Nanjing 210038, China.
Research Center for Livestock Environmental Control and Smart Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
Animals (Basel). 2025 Apr 12;15(8):1116. doi: 10.3390/ani15081116.
Modern, intensive, high-density farming practices cause elevated concentrations of particulate matter (PM) inside livestock barns. PM in livestock barns is predominantly biological, hence, it contains abundant microorganisms. Understanding the microbial composition of PM is crucial for assessing the hazards of air emitted from livestock barns. PM and PM from a pig barn were collected in winter and spring, and morphological, chemical, and microbial analyses were performed. The PM samples exhibit diverse morphological characteristics. The top three elements detected in the PM samples were O, C, and Si. Other elements, including N, Al, K, Mg, Ca, Na, Zn, P, W, Ba, Fe, S, Cl, and Ti, were also identified in these samples. For bacterial α diversity, the Sobs and Chao1 indices for PM were significantly higher than those for PM in winter ( < 0.05), and in spring, the ACE index for PM was significantly higher than that for PM ( < 0.05). For fungal α diversity, the Shannon index for PM was significantly higher than that for PM in winter ( < 0.01), and in spring, the Ace index for PM was significantly higher than that for PM ( < 0.05). The β diversity results indicate that season, rather than the particle size, had a significant effect on the microbial composition in the PM samples. A total of seven bacterial pathogen genera and 16 fungal allergen genera were identified in PM samples. In winter, the relative abundances of total bacterial pathogens and fungal allergens in PM were higher than those in PM. In contrast, the relative abundance of fungal allergens in PM was higher in spring than in winter. This study provides a comprehensive characterization of PM from a pig barn across the particle sizes and seasons.
现代集约化、高密度养殖方式导致牲畜棚内颗粒物（PM）浓度升高。牲畜棚内的PM主要是生物性的，因此含有丰富的微生物。了解PM的微生物组成对于评估牲畜棚排放空气的危害至关重要。在冬季和春季收集了猪舍的PM和PM，并进行了形态、化学和微生物分析。PM样品呈现出多样的形态特征。在PM样品中检测到的前三种元素是O、C和Si。在这些样品中还鉴定出了其他元素，包括N、Al、K、Mg、Ca、Na、Zn、P、W、Ba、Fe、S、Cl和Ti。对于细菌α多样性，PM的Sobs和Chao1指数显著高于冬季的PM（<0.05），在春季，PM的ACE指数显著高于PM（<0.05）。对于真菌α多样性，PM的Shannon指数显著高于冬季的PM（<0.01），在春季，PM的Ace指数显著高于PM（<0.05）。β多样性结果表明，季节而非粒径对PM样品中的微生物组成有显著影响。在PM样品中总共鉴定出7个细菌病原体属和16个真菌过敏原属。在冬季，PM中总细菌病原体和真菌过敏原的相对丰度高于PM中的。相比之下，春季PM中真菌过敏原的相对丰度高于冬季。本研究全面描述了猪舍不同粒径和季节的PM特征。
